{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311006151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120559","title":"The Impact of Optimism and Internal Locus of Control on Workers\u2019 Well-Being, A Multi-Group Model Analysis before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic","display_name":"The Impact of Optimism and Internal Locus of Control on Workers\u2019 Well-Being, A Multi-Group Model Analysis before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311006151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/socsci11120559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/12/559/pdf?version=1669776283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168464","display_name":"Social Sciences","issn_l":"2076-0760","issn":["2076-0760"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/12/559/pdf?version=1669776283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076068461","display_name":"Valeria Micheletto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-6824","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-6824"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200420086","display_name":"IULM University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp4xq32","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valeria Micheletto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-6824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088304070","display_name":"Margherita Zito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-9693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-9693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200420086","display_name":"IULM University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp4xq32","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margherita Zito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-9693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036657902","display_name":"Massimo Bustreo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-0688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-0688"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200420086","display_name":"IULM University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp4xq32","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Bustreo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090972333","display_name":"Giorgio Gabrielli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200420086","display_name":"IULM University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp4xq32","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Gabrielli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001579613","display_name":"Riccardo Circi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-5462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-5462"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200420086","display_name":"IULM University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp4xq32","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Circi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-5462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101939998","display_name":"Vincenzo Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8717-6874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8717-6874"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200420086","display_name":"IULM University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp4xq32","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8717-6874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, Law, Economics & Consumption \u201cCarlo A. Ricciardi\u201d, Universit\u00e0 IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076068461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200420086"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1466},"fwci":1.1018,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77569081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"559","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12485","display_name":"Optimism, Hope, and Well-being","score":0.5946999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12485","display_name":"Optimism, Hope, and Well-being","score":0.5946999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.28220000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.08290000259876251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimism","display_name":"optimism","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-locus-of-control","display_name":"internal locus of control","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-well-being","display_name":"employee well-being","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-growth","display_name":"personal growth","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/happiness","display_name":"happiness","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-resources","display_name":"personal resources","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-stress","display_name":"occupational stress","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-development","display_name":"professional development","score":0.41200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.7874705791473389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170798268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q534589","display_name":"Locus of control","level":2,"score":0.7370261549949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6444215774536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5742326974868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776420229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7981051","display_name":"Well-being","level":2,"score":0.5155196189880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56154687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998095","display_name":"Personal development","level":2,"score":0.5048418641090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.5010683536529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333024","display_name":"Personal protective equipment","level":5,"score":0.4989180564880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8","display_name":"Happiness","level":2,"score":0.4767666459083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.43812820315361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.43514516949653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38352519273757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21102848649024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1561855673789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09114819765090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/socsci11120559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/12/559/pdf?version=1669776283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168464","display_name":"Social Sciences","issn_l":"2076-0760","issn":["2076-0760"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:559-:d:987979","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/12/559/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c8bdf8085cf40b9ab2d4ed1614ba5de","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c8bdf8085cf40b9ab2d4ed1614ba5de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 12, p 559 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/socsci11120559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/11/12/559/pdf?version=1669776283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168464","display_name":"Social Sciences","issn_l":"2076-0760","issn":["2076-0760"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311006151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311006151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41249304","https://openalex.org/W68684091","https://openalex.org/W1499039028","https://openalex.org/W1531624681","https://openalex.org/W1741308699","https://openalex.org/W1817428149","https://openalex.org/W1866502349","https://openalex.org/W1887693109","https://openalex.org/W1945064087","https://openalex.org/W1963742443","https://openalex.org/W1965613249","https://openalex.org/W1967111891","https://openalex.org/W1967287454","https://openalex.org/W1968397609","https://openalex.org/W1977274837","https://openalex.org/W1980612374","https://openalex.org/W1985018990","https://openalex.org/W1997397294","https://openalex.org/W1997682147","https://openalex.org/W2005259119","https://openalex.org/W2006763260","https://openalex.org/W2009175393","https://openalex.org/W2009481230","https://openalex.org/W2020419518","https://openalex.org/W2024143816","https://openalex.org/W2033002423","https://openalex.org/W2033876580","https://openalex.org/W2037336426","https://openalex.org/W2037808094","https://openalex.org/W2039859502","https://openalex.org/W2041205720","https://openalex.org/W2049214187","https://openalex.org/W2052849671","https://openalex.org/W2074664236","https://openalex.org/W2074955170","https://openalex.org/W2077192309","https://openalex.org/W2081205013","https://openalex.org/W2082585235","https://openalex.org/W2100826189","https://openalex.org/W2101343975","https://openalex.org/W2105853798","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2108577177","https://openalex.org/W2112494759","https://openalex.org/W2115775044","https://openalex.org/W2116933422","https://openalex.org/W2118928665","https://openalex.org/W2123785231","https://openalex.org/W2124420833","https://openalex.org/W2130653485","https://openalex.org/W2135925296","https://openalex.org/W2139992445","https://openalex.org/W2143185273","https://openalex.org/W2143723094","https://openalex.org/W2150838967","https://openalex.org/W2151046835","https://openalex.org/W2151186028","https://openalex.org/W2163211287","https://openalex.org/W2164248624","https://openalex.org/W2164976997","https://openalex.org/W2167994363","https://openalex.org/W2170246810","https://openalex.org/W2171313551","https://openalex.org/W2185690946","https://openalex.org/W2268786722","https://openalex.org/W2315621942","https://openalex.org/W2401852624","https://openalex.org/W2485710272","https://openalex.org/W2549083875","https://openalex.org/W2572357881","https://openalex.org/W2585284044","https://openalex.org/W2778905096","https://openalex.org/W2781539590","https://openalex.org/W2791642933","https://openalex.org/W2800692212","https://openalex.org/W2944874692","https://openalex.org/W3014582523","https://openalex.org/W3017228769","https://openalex.org/W3022550060","https://openalex.org/W3026051564","https://openalex.org/W3044077429","https://openalex.org/W3090598090","https://openalex.org/W3092865918","https://openalex.org/W3103645484","https://openalex.org/W3118574792","https://openalex.org/W3124291917","https://openalex.org/W3126038027","https://openalex.org/W3128512982","https://openalex.org/W3136624866","https://openalex.org/W3136692242","https://openalex.org/W3139294688","https://openalex.org/W3148253786","https://openalex.org/W3153595209","https://openalex.org/W3157072710","https://openalex.org/W3164067832","https://openalex.org/W3166089665","https://openalex.org/W3194361061","https://openalex.org/W3196727768","https://openalex.org/W4234193547","https://openalex.org/W4241702842","https://openalex.org/W4251923725","https://openalex.org/W4253062345","https://openalex.org/W6783526319","https://openalex.org/W6791336363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209912768","https://openalex.org/W4210816460","https://openalex.org/W3195166549","https://openalex.org/W4281615181","https://openalex.org/W4408142332","https://openalex.org/W4406093172","https://openalex.org/W4323039334","https://openalex.org/W4405332378","https://openalex.org/W4388655717","https://openalex.org/W3118272509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,121,133,183,200],"COVID-19":[1],"crisis":[2],"led":[3],"to":[4,36,48,192],"changes":[5],"in":[6,16,31],"different":[7],"areas":[8],"of":[9,23,52,59,68,94,206,212],"workers\u2019":[10,60],"lives,":[11],"as":[12,14,187],"well":[13],"repercussions":[15],"stress":[17],"management,":[18],"social":[19],"relationships,":[20],"and":[21,25,41,43,81,113,165,171,210,215,222],"perception":[22],"personal":[24,74,138,166,216],"professional":[26],"growth.":[27],"Considering":[28],"this,":[29],"well-being":[30,221],"the":[32,50,53,56,66,85,115,147,152,163,176,181,194,223],"workplace":[33],"is":[34,45,185],"crucial":[35],"carrying":[37],"out":[38],"effective":[39],"activities":[40],"performance,":[42],"it":[44,188],"also":[46],"essential":[47],"verifying":[49],"impact":[51],"pandemic":[54,116],"on":[55,84,100],"current":[57],"situation":[58],"overall":[61],"well-being.":[62,95],"study":[64,97,184],"investigates":[65],"mediation":[67],"Personal":[69],"Growth":[70],"(PG)":[71],"between":[72],"two":[73,198],"resources":[75,139,167],"at":[76,140,219],"work,":[77],"Internal":[78],"Locus":[79],"(LOCI)":[80],"Optimism":[82],"(OPT),":[83],"Pemberton":[86],"Happiness":[87],"Index":[88],"(PHI),":[89],"an":[90],"important":[91],"multi-faceted":[92],"indicator":[93],"This":[96],"was":[98,189],"conducted":[99],"respondents":[101],"performing":[102],"professions":[103],"(n":[104],"=":[105,111,119],"666),":[106],"both":[107],"before":[108,151,162,180],"(2019,":[109],"n":[110,118],"410)":[112],"during":[114,146,175],"(2020,":[117],"256).":[120],"relationships":[122],"were":[123],"tested":[124],"simultaneously":[125],"using":[126],"a":[127],"multi-group":[128],"structural":[129],"equation":[130],"model":[131,135],"(MPLUS7).":[132],"estimated":[134],"shows":[136],"that":[137],"work":[141,224],"increase":[142,168],"PG":[143,158,170],"(LOCI":[144,173],"mostly":[145,150],"pandemic;":[148,177],"OPT":[149,154,178],"pandemic);":[153,164],"directly":[155],"increases":[156,159],"PHI;":[157],"PHI":[160,172],"(mostly":[161],"through":[169],"more":[174,179],"pandemic).":[182],"cross-sectional,":[186],"not":[190],"possible":[191],"compare":[193],"same":[195],"workers":[196],"over":[197],"years.":[199],"research":[201],"offers":[202],"ideas":[203],"for":[204,226],"activation":[205],"training":[207],"programs,":[208],"support":[209],"development":[211],"individual":[213],"resources,":[214],"growth":[217],"aimed":[218],"improving":[220],"experience":[225],"workers.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-12-22T00:00:00"}
