{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310524701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","title":"Chemistry and lung toxicity of particulate matter emitted from firearms","display_name":"Chemistry and lung toxicity of particulate matter emitted from firearms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310524701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36456643","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9715551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24856-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24856-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760941","display_name":"Yong Ho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-0134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-0134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Ho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. kim.yongho@epa.gov","Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA. kim.yongho@epa.gov","Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. kim.yongho@epa.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA. kim.yongho@epa.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026394162","display_name":"Samuel A. Vance","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-0218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-0218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425366","display_name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/040vxhp34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281378812","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I4389425366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel A. Vance","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062317989","display_name":"Johanna M. Aurell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-620X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-620X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280373","display_name":"University of Dayton Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02vqk7w39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826","https://openalex.org/I4405280373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Aurell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022024073","display_name":"Amara L. Holder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-5298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-5298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amara L. Holder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Methods and Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Methods and Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038787224","display_name":"Joseph Patrick Pancras","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Patrick Pancras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064729668","display_name":"Brian K. Gullett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Gullett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Methods and Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Methods and Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019524502","display_name":"Stephen H. Gavett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-2143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-2143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen H. Gavett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040738667","display_name":"Kevin L. McNesby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-4039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-4039","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-8541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin L. McNesby","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018124336","display_name":"M. Ian Gilmour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-6704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-6704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Ian Gilmour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA. gilmour.ian@epa.gov","Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA. gilmour.ian@epa.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018124336","https://openalex.org/A5100760941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I1302368450"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"fwci":1.0784,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70708391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"20722","last_page":"20722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.4884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.4884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.2281000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0714000016450882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-toxicity","display_name":"pulmonary toxicity","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-particles","display_name":"copper particles","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penicillamine","display_name":"D-penicillamine","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-chelation","display_name":"metal chelation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-inflammation","display_name":"lung inflammation","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammunition-types","display_name":"ammunition types","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oropharyngeal-aspiration","display_name":"oropharyngeal aspiration","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophils","display_name":"neutrophils","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777051993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124072","display_name":"Rifle","level":2,"score":0.9513458013534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.8111289143562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6447792053222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.59486985206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.5039107203483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5038327574729919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.4707275927066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4215775","display_name":"Metal toxicity","level":3,"score":0.44444939494132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.421619713306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.22674518823623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.169906884431839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1513374149799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.116524338722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07139301300048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002614","descriptor_name":"Chelating Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005389","descriptor_name":"Firearms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010396","descriptor_name":"Penicillamine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015386","descriptor_name":"Hazardous Substances","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052638","descriptor_name":"Particulate Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24856-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9715551","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9715551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36456643","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36456643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b9e145690aa4cee806c7eca9a4b2eb6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b9e145690aa4cee806c7eca9a4b2eb6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24856-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7246000170707703}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G28713914","display_name":"Toxicity testing of fresh and photochemically aged burn pit smoke emissions","funder_award_id":"R03ES032539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3690933534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WP19-1392","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333449","funder_display_name":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309037","display_name":"Office of Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333449","display_name":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","ror":"https://ror.org/00ew61678"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310524701.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310524701.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W233509221","https://openalex.org/W1498941332","https://openalex.org/W1541920980","https://openalex.org/W1974696027","https://openalex.org/W2004920288","https://openalex.org/W2005897343","https://openalex.org/W2014713131","https://openalex.org/W2015991584","https://openalex.org/W2017111954","https://openalex.org/W2019043801","https://openalex.org/W2023244518","https://openalex.org/W2026331853","https://openalex.org/W2027309964","https://openalex.org/W2038886322","https://openalex.org/W2040793165","https://openalex.org/W2063931077","https://openalex.org/W2073369105","https://openalex.org/W2083784656","https://openalex.org/W2105922265","https://openalex.org/W2106245192","https://openalex.org/W2109774088","https://openalex.org/W2130256586","https://openalex.org/W2132040583","https://openalex.org/W2135428082","https://openalex.org/W2141608197","https://openalex.org/W2144781721","https://openalex.org/W2148972768","https://openalex.org/W2160419207","https://openalex.org/W2163590666","https://openalex.org/W2175194317","https://openalex.org/W2192291757","https://openalex.org/W2313495455","https://openalex.org/W2461563134","https://openalex.org/W2520085574","https://openalex.org/W2523581118","https://openalex.org/W2593834306","https://openalex.org/W2603210259","https://openalex.org/W2604514360","https://openalex.org/W2606459526","https://openalex.org/W2607317232","https://openalex.org/W2768752469","https://openalex.org/W2779282874","https://openalex.org/W2793978448","https://openalex.org/W2794342291","https://openalex.org/W2897530909","https://openalex.org/W2905347418","https://openalex.org/W2911695959","https://openalex.org/W2919824444","https://openalex.org/W2965229192","https://openalex.org/W2988401428","https://openalex.org/W3015821481","https://openalex.org/W3120651465","https://openalex.org/W4200431552","https://openalex.org/W4210267858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120651465","https://openalex.org/W4200431552","https://openalex.org/W7128031115","https://openalex.org/W2965229192","https://openalex.org/W4400612875","https://openalex.org/W2794342291","https://openalex.org/W4394001580","https://openalex.org/W301472142","https://openalex.org/W2141608197","https://openalex.org/W7148264933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smoke":[0],"emissions":[1,256],"produced":[2],"by":[3,36,266],"firearms":[4],"contain":[5],"hazardous":[6,280],"chemicals,":[7],"but":[8,107,173,203],"little":[9],"is":[10],"known":[11],"if":[12],"their":[13,255,287],"properties":[14],"change":[15],"depending":[16],"on":[17],"firearm":[18,247],"and":[19,22,68,89,120,137,149,161,201,257,286],"ammunition":[20],"type":[21],"whether":[23],"such":[24],"changes":[25,183],"affect":[26],"toxicity":[27,30,134,225,233],"outcomes.":[28],"Pulmonary":[29],"was":[31,101],"assessed":[32],"in":[33,63,102,117,122,254,282],"mice":[34],"exposed":[35],"oropharyngeal":[37],"aspiration":[38],"to":[39,186,234],"six":[40],"different":[41,246],"types":[42,248],"of":[43,77,86,93,115,156,212,272,279],"smoke-related":[44],"particulate":[45],"matter":[46],"(PM)":[47],"samples;":[48],"(1)":[49],"handgun":[50,119,127],"PM,":[51,54,80],"(2)":[52],"rifle":[53,65,79,95,124,143,167,193,219,240,260],"(3)":[55],"copper":[56],"(Cu)":[57],"particles":[58,159],"(a":[59],"surrogate":[60],"for":[61],"Cu":[62,71,121,158],"the":[64,70,78,94,103,108,118,123,142,162,166,187,207,213,218,223,227,231,235,239,259],"PM)":[66],"with":[67,84,112],"without":[69],"chelator":[72],"penicillamine,":[73],"(4)":[74],"water-soluble":[75],"components":[76,83,92,164,229,268],"(5)":[81],"soluble":[82,163,214],"removal":[85],"metal":[87,215],"ions,":[88],"(6)":[90],"insoluble":[91,228],"PM.":[96,241],"Gun":[97],"firing":[98,284],"smoke":[99,285],"PM":[100,128,144,169,194,221,261],"respirable":[104],"size":[105],"range":[106],"chemical":[109,252],"composition":[110],"varied":[111],"high":[113,270],"levels":[114,155,271],"Pb":[116],"smoke.":[125],"The":[126,153,242],"did":[129,174,204],"not":[130,175,205],"induce":[131],"appreciable":[132,177],"lung":[133,147,151,181,199,208,224,232],"at":[135],"4":[136],"24":[138],"h":[139],"post-exposure":[140],"while":[141,226],"significantly":[145],"increased":[146,170],"inflammation":[148,200],"reduced":[150,198],"function.":[152],"same":[154,236],"pure":[157],"alone":[160],"from":[165,217],"fire":[168,220],"neutrophil":[171],"numbers":[172],"cause":[176],"cellular":[178],"damage":[179],"or":[180,195],"function":[182,209],"when":[184],"compared":[185],"negative":[188],"(saline)":[189],"control.":[190],"Penicillamine":[191],"treated":[192],"Cu,":[196],"slightly":[197],"injury":[202],"improve":[206],"decrements.":[210],"Chelation":[211],"ions":[216],"neutralized":[222],"induced":[230],"degree":[237],"as":[238],"results":[243],"show":[244],"that":[245,258],"can":[249],"generate":[250],"contrasting":[251],"spectra":[253],"effects":[262],"were":[263],"mostly":[264],"driven":[265],"water-insoluble":[267],"containing":[269],"Cu.":[273],"These":[274],"findings":[275],"provide":[276],"better":[277],"knowledge":[278],"substances":[281],"gun":[283],"potential":[288],"toxicological":[289],"profile.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-12-11T00:00:00"}