{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310177458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181805","title":"Interaction, Stereotypes, and Performance: Evidence from South Africa","display_name":"Interaction, Stereotypes, and Performance: Evidence from South Africa","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310177458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.20181805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087765461","display_name":"Lucia Corno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-4817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-4817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Corno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cattolica University and LEAP (email: )","Catholic U of the Sacred Heart, Milan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cattolica University and LEAP (email: )","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Catholic U of the Sacred Heart, Milan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045605391","display_name":"Eliana La Ferrara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71209653","display_name":"Bocconi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05crjpb27","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliana La Ferrara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bocconi University, LEAP, and IGIER (email: )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bocconi University, LEAP, and IGIER (email: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016179145","display_name":"Justine Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9957-7210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9957-7210"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justine Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town (email: )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town (email: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.3781,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99813865,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":"12","first_page":"3848","last_page":"3875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.4668000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.4668000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.21140000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.08510000258684158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interracial-interaction","display_name":"interracial interaction","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-stereotypes","display_name":"racial stereotypes","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roommate-assignment","display_name":"roommate assignment","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interracial-friendship","display_name":"interracial friendship","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-associations","display_name":"implicit associations","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-attitudes","display_name":"racial attitudes","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-dropout","display_name":"school dropout","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities-in-education","display_name":"racial inequality in education","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-african-universities","display_name":"South African universities","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5843911170959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5483678579330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.528758704662323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5154169797897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5028654932975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5018398761749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4985649585723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.47295114398002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.43203508853912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29496413469314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.20938724279403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09044858813285828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.20181805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ifs:ifsewp:19/03","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/wps/WP201903.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/wps/WP201903.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:112:y:2022:i:12:p:3848-75","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/aer.20181805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W635976063","https://openalex.org/W1965514675","https://openalex.org/W1975979555","https://openalex.org/W1978415734","https://openalex.org/W1986104746","https://openalex.org/W1998830165","https://openalex.org/W2009887813","https://openalex.org/W2017358081","https://openalex.org/W2024212126","https://openalex.org/W2025815442","https://openalex.org/W2034328075","https://openalex.org/W2057659248","https://openalex.org/W2060824655","https://openalex.org/W2064237699","https://openalex.org/W2082707578","https://openalex.org/W2083119666","https://openalex.org/W2084416618","https://openalex.org/W2096848647","https://openalex.org/W2110777095","https://openalex.org/W2111109274","https://openalex.org/W2117996293","https://openalex.org/W2118161574","https://openalex.org/W2121005211","https://openalex.org/W2129405719","https://openalex.org/W2133728384","https://openalex.org/W2136202265","https://openalex.org/W2138985406","https://openalex.org/W2147602649","https://openalex.org/W2147920244","https://openalex.org/W2162213067","https://openalex.org/W2168057631","https://openalex.org/W2168495796","https://openalex.org/W2259582913","https://openalex.org/W2795668280","https://openalex.org/W2808860760","https://openalex.org/W2904314629","https://openalex.org/W2904714184","https://openalex.org/W2921414108","https://openalex.org/W2924191410","https://openalex.org/W2983965408","https://openalex.org/W2995374774","https://openalex.org/W3022160721","https://openalex.org/W3048816861","https://openalex.org/W3084594372","https://openalex.org/W3084958800","https://openalex.org/W3121137352","https://openalex.org/W3122267514","https://openalex.org/W3122681988","https://openalex.org/W3124280932","https://openalex.org/W3125808002","https://openalex.org/W4231165370","https://openalex.org/W4238481630","https://openalex.org/W4239223743","https://openalex.org/W4253260352","https://openalex.org/W4293105157","https://openalex.org/W6891117717","https://openalex.org/W6986938095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136974706","https://openalex.org/W1969985927","https://openalex.org/W2134829510","https://openalex.org/W2157025840","https://openalex.org/W2135532047","https://openalex.org/W1143901255","https://openalex.org/W2888156996","https://openalex.org/W2058145266","https://openalex.org/W2014882576","https://openalex.org/W2009548733"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"exploit":[1],"a":[2,10,34,37],"policy":[3],"designed":[4],"to":[5,15],"randomly":[6],"allocate":[7],"roommates":[8],"in":[9],"large":[11],"South":[12],"African":[13],"university":[14],"investigate":[16],"whether":[17],"interracial":[18,50],"interaction":[19],"affects":[20,54],"stereotypes,":[21],"attitudes":[22],"and":[23,48,65],"performance.":[24],"Using":[25],"implicit":[26],"association":[27],"tests,":[28],"we":[29],"find":[30],"that":[31],"living":[32],"with":[33],"roommate":[35],"of":[36],"different":[38],"race":[39],"reduces":[40],"White":[41],"students'":[42],"negative":[43],"stereotypes":[44],"towards":[45],"Black":[46,57],"students":[47,58],"increases":[49],"friendships.":[51],"Interaction":[52],"also":[53],"academic":[55],"outcomes:":[56],"improve":[59],"their":[60],"GPA,":[61],"pass":[62],"more":[63],"exams":[64],"have":[66],"lower":[67],"dropout":[68],"rates.":[69],"This":[70],"effect":[71],"is":[72],"not":[73],"driven":[74],"by":[75],"roommate's":[76],"ability.":[77],"(JEL":[78],"D91,":[79],"I23,":[80],"J15,":[81],"O12)":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-11-30T00:00:00"}