{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310073392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238476","title":"Effects of Different RH Degasser Nozzle Layouts on the Circulating Flow Rate","display_name":"Effects of Different RH Degasser Nozzle Layouts on the Circulating Flow Rate","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310073392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238476","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36499971","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9735740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15238476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8476/pdf?version=1669637924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8476/pdf?version=1669637924","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101683504","display_name":"Zhenming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-6079","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-6079"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-6079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinyu Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinyu Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100536950","display_name":"Jianhong Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165736","display_name":"Hanshan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tqaz865","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165736"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhong Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343920","display_name":"Min Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-4817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-4817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","Xinyu Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinyu Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077346329","display_name":"Yonggang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-9349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-9349","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9768-328X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonggang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","Xinyu Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinyu Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034883983","display_name":"Chaobin Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-7936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-7936","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8385-1776"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaobin Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034883983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2408},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2408},"fwci":0.8172,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63698852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"23","first_page":"8476","last_page":"8476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10864","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-flow-rate","display_name":"gas flow rate","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-model","display_name":"water model","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-refining","display_name":"steel refining","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.8593851327896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.7324283123016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6679584383964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5965733528137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.5256353616714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4677211046218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.42520010471343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39245644211769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2996230721473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29593586921691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19249072670936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15238476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8476/pdf?version=1669637924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36499971","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36499971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9735740","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9735740/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma15238476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8476/pdf?version=1669637924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1832656514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51974139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G207777630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2905205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3157969159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20212ACB204008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5454047340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20212ACB204008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5720037723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2905205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5863182728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2905200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6045648622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52174316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7355112801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2905200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G819465872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51974139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G976183135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52174316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310073392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310073392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964686178","https://openalex.org/W1970989280","https://openalex.org/W1974443367","https://openalex.org/W1985998868","https://openalex.org/W1998103341","https://openalex.org/W2006424373","https://openalex.org/W2008934661","https://openalex.org/W2034294473","https://openalex.org/W2039880515","https://openalex.org/W2040057586","https://openalex.org/W2046125117","https://openalex.org/W2058555765","https://openalex.org/W2077476841","https://openalex.org/W2081237916","https://openalex.org/W2100043448","https://openalex.org/W2112246473","https://openalex.org/W2122420570","https://openalex.org/W2282425449","https://openalex.org/W2339858999","https://openalex.org/W2468636255","https://openalex.org/W2511730562","https://openalex.org/W2520568668","https://openalex.org/W2615173657","https://openalex.org/W2669925718","https://openalex.org/W2811376809","https://openalex.org/W2970178499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377321090","https://openalex.org/W7084176830","https://openalex.org/W1975767317","https://openalex.org/W2904181676","https://openalex.org/W1998103341","https://openalex.org/W7077056981","https://openalex.org/W2362915172","https://openalex.org/W958914627","https://openalex.org/W4317879890","https://openalex.org/W4384206819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,58,112],"effects":[1],"of":[2,9,53,61,70,74,95,105,118,134,161,178,198],"gas":[3,55,63],"flow":[4,15,47,56,64,88,128,155,189,209],"rate":[5,16,48,65,89,156,210],"and":[6,28,101,115,144,171],"22":[7,72],"kinds":[8,73],"nozzle":[10],"layouts":[11],"on":[12,205],"the":[13,20,36,45,54,62,71,76,81,86,93,99,102,106,110,119,126,131,137,141,145,148,153,158,162,168,172,175,179,182,187,192,195,199,207,212],"circulation":[14],"were":[17,121,139,166],"researched":[18],"during":[19],"RH":[21],"refining":[22],"process":[23],"using":[24],"a":[25,29,202],"water":[26,37],"model":[27,38],"mathematical":[30],"model.":[31],"Numerical":[32],"simulations":[33],"agreed":[34],"with":[35,50],"experiment":[39],"well.":[40],"results":[42],"showed":[43],"that":[44,124],"circulating":[46,87,127,154,188,208],"increased":[49],"an":[51],"increase":[52],"rate.":[57,129,190],"critical":[59],"value":[60],"was":[66,80,98,109,157,181],"2.4":[67],"m3/h.":[68],"Out":[69],"layouts,":[75,135],"127-87":[77],"symmetrical":[78,173],"layout":[79,143,170],"optimal":[82],"layout,":[83,147,174],"for":[84,151,185],"which":[85],"reached":[90],"29.8":[91],"m3/h,":[92],"area":[94],"blind":[96],"zone":[97],"smallest":[100],"mixing":[103],"effect":[104,204],"molten":[107],"steel":[108],"best.":[111],"working":[113,159],"stroke":[114,160],"carrying":[116,176,196],"capacity":[117,177,197],"bubbles":[120,180,200],"important":[122],"factors":[123],"affected":[125],"Among":[130],"four":[132],"types":[133],"when":[136],"nozzles":[138,165],"in":[140,167],"one-side":[142],"one-row":[146],"main":[149,183],"factor":[150,184],"improving":[152,186,206],"bubbles.":[163],"When":[164],"staggered":[169],"For":[191],"same":[193],"conditions,":[194],"had":[201],"greater":[203],"than":[211],"bubble":[213],"stroke.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2022-11-30T00:00:00"}