{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309770529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","title":"Incident autoimmune conditions among males receiving quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the United States","display_name":"Incident autoimmune conditions among males receiving quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the United States","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309770529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36424257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27359860","display_name":"Vaccine","issn_l":"0264-410X","issn":["0264-410X","1873-2518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vaccine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002078534","display_name":"John D. Seeger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8020-3144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8020-3144"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John D. Seeger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA. Electronic address: john.seeger@optum.com","Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA. Electronic address: john.seeger@optum.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082227471","display_name":"Kandace L. Amend","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8329-1522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8329-1522"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kandace L. Amend","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002408762","display_name":"Bruce Turnbull","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce R. Turnbull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016290671","display_name":"Li Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-4833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-4833"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology, Optum, Boston, MA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110320737","display_name":"Morgan A. Marks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morgan A. Marks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology Department, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology Department, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053472935","display_name":"Christine M. Velicer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Velicer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology Department, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology Department, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091531180","display_name":"Patricia Saddier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Saddier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology Department, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology Department, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002078534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"fwci":0.176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48004479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"11","first_page":"1826","last_page":"1833"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14126","display_name":"Intramuscular injections and effects","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-safety","display_name":"vaccine safety","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease","display_name":"autoimmune disease","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-induced-autoimmunity","display_name":"vaccine-induced autoimmunity","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/males","display_name":"males","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"incidence","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-disorders","display_name":"neurological disorders","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-diseases","display_name":"eye diseases","score":0.8389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8990913033485413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6972867250442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6802698969841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167704817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295548","display_name":"Rate ratio","level":3,"score":0.516718327999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4846947491168976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.45382487773895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4106690287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3470165729522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.09257921576499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068857","descriptor_name":"Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000094302","descriptor_name":"Human Papillomavirus Viruses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030361","descriptor_name":"Papillomavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030361","descriptor_name":"Papillomavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053918","descriptor_name":"Papillomavirus Vaccines","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27359860","display_name":"Vaccine","issn_l":"0264-410X","issn":["0264-410X","1873-2518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vaccine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36424257","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36424257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vaccine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27359860","display_name":"Vaccine","issn_l":"0264-410X","issn":["0264-410X","1873-2518"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vaccine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519091069","https://openalex.org/W2071748269","https://openalex.org/W2128269295","https://openalex.org/W2162590249","https://openalex.org/W2477103049","https://openalex.org/W2783391681","https://openalex.org/W2788513208","https://openalex.org/W2799831492","https://openalex.org/W2803870634","https://openalex.org/W2942230249","https://openalex.org/W2996931715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519091069","https://openalex.org/W2477103049","https://openalex.org/W2549637533","https://openalex.org/W2803870634","https://openalex.org/W2045573229","https://openalex.org/W1532269273","https://openalex.org/W2901874447","https://openalex.org/W2085568392","https://openalex.org/W2788513208","https://openalex.org/W1984116494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,83,151,194,217],"potential":[2],"for":[3,22,120,163,201,205,209,214],"vaccines":[4],"to":[5,148,230],"induce":[6],"autoimmunity":[7,245],"has":[8],"been":[9],"the":[10,29,39,80,121,173,225,247],"subject":[11],"of":[12,31,58,74,141,167,186,191,219],"considerable":[13],"investigation":[14],"and":[15,65,100,123,144,211],"autoimmune":[16,34,89,220],"induction":[17],"remains":[18],"a":[19,48,56,69,149,189],"common":[20],"focus":[21],"vaccine":[23,44,61,154,227],"safety":[24],"research.":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27,84],"assessed":[28,244],"risk":[30],"new":[32,87],"onset":[33,88],"conditions":[35,90,221],"among":[36,160,180,222,232],"males":[37,75,135,223],"receiving":[38,136,224],"4-valent":[40],"human":[41],"papillomavirus":[42],"(HPV)":[43],"(4vHPV).":[45],"METHODS:":[46],"Within":[47],"US":[49],"health":[50],"insurance":[51],"claims":[52],"database,":[53],"we":[54],"formed":[55],"cohort":[57,73,155,175],"male":[59],"4vHPV":[60,81,142,153,226,248],"recipients":[62],"between":[63],"2009":[64],"2016,":[66],"along":[67,126],"with":[68,127,239,246],"propensity":[70],"score":[71],"matched":[72,147,152],"who":[76],"did":[77],"not":[78],"receive":[79],"vaccine.":[82,249],"outcome":[85],"was":[86,198,228],"(20":[91],"separate":[92],"conditions)":[93],"within":[94,196],"four":[95],"categories":[96,197],"(rheumatologic/hematologic,":[97],"gastroenterologic,":[98,206],"endocrinologic":[99,210],"neurologic/ophthalmalogic).":[101],"Outcomes":[102],"identified":[103],"using":[104],"diagnosis":[105],"codes":[106],"were":[107,118,133,146],"adjudicated":[108],"through":[109],"medical":[110],"record":[111],"review.":[112],"Incidence":[113],"rates":[114],"(per":[115],"1,000":[116],"person-years)":[117],"estimated":[119],"vaccinated":[122],"unvaccinated":[124,233],"groups":[125],"rate":[128,166,185],"ratios":[129],"(RRs).":[130],"RESULTS:":[131],"There":[132],"65,606":[134],"at":[137],"least":[138],"one":[139],"dose":[140],"vaccine,":[143],"55,670":[145],"comparator.":[150],"provided":[156,176],"35":[157],"confirmed":[158,178],"cases":[159,179],"39,735":[161],"person-years,":[162,182],"an":[164,183],"incidence":[165,184,218],"0.88":[168],"(95%":[169],"CI:":[170],"0.61-1.23),":[171],"while":[172],"comparator":[174],"47":[177],"58,215":[181],"0.81":[187],"(0.59-1.07),":[188],"RR":[190,195],"1.09":[192],"(0.70-1.69).":[193],"0.49":[199],"(0.10-2.42)":[200],"rheumatologic/hematologic,":[202],"1.26":[203],"(0.58-2.71)":[204],"1.11":[207],"(0.61-2.02)":[208],"1.46":[212],"(0.21-10.40)":[213],"neurologic.":[215],"CONCLUSIONS:":[216],"similar":[229],"that":[231,242],"males.":[234],"These":[235],"results":[236],"are":[237],"consistent":[238],"other":[240],"studies":[241],"have":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-11-29T00:00:00"}