{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309517263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor Structure and Manufacturing of Clinical Grade CAR Engineered Cells using Different Bioreactors","display_name":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor Structure and Manufacturing of Clinical Grade CAR Engineered Cells using Different Bioreactors","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309517263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36395497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56875/2589-0646.1048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898422462","display_name":"Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy","issn_l":"1658-3876","issn":["1658-3876","2589-0646"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003517641","display_name":"Farhatullah Syed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-1172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-1172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800965796","display_name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0wgt02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farhatullah Syed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program (Dpt)-R., King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program (Dpt)-R., King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010156739","display_name":"Riad Omar El Fakih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-3865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-3865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800965796","display_name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0wgt02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riad El Fakih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026384958","display_name":"Ali D Alahmari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-0152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-0152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800965796","display_name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0wgt02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali D. Alahmari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmed S. Osman Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800965796","display_name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0wgt02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Osman Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","Alahmari Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program (Dpt)-R., King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,","Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program (Dpt)-R., King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alahmari Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program (Dpt)-R., King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stem Cell & Tissue Re-engineering Program (Dpt)-R., King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083504452","display_name":"Mahmoud Deeb Aljurf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3942-7370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3942-7370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800965796","display_name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0wgt02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Aljurf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003517641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85638228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"137","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11491","display_name":"CAR-T cell therapy research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11491","display_name":"CAR-T cell therapy research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimeric-antigen-receptor","display_name":"chimeric antigen receptor","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimeric-antigen-receptor-t-cells","display_name":"chimeric antigen receptor T cells","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-structure","display_name":"CAR structure","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioreactors","display_name":"bioreactors","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-vivo-t-cell-expansion","display_name":"ex vivo T cell expansion","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adoptive-immunotherapy","display_name":"adoptive immunotherapy","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-manufacturing","display_name":"automated manufacturing","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-grade-cell-products","display_name":"clinical-grade cell products","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematologic-malignancies","display_name":"hematologic malignancies","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3875195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5099363","display_name":"Chimeric antigen receptor","level":4,"score":0.8370559811592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168170006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864699","display_name":"Bioreactor","level":2,"score":0.6802111864089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5118557810783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.43794649839401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35334670543670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3465028703212738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2978324294090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24544602632522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.23294535279273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.10763418674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.10617795586585999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076962","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Chimeric Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016219","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy, Adoptive","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019149","descriptor_name":"Bioreactors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064987","descriptor_name":"Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56875/2589-0646.1048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898422462","display_name":"Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy","issn_l":"1658-3876","issn":["1658-3876","2589-0646"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36395497","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36395497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hematology/oncology and stem cell therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d25ff6981e744d0a47b84082916aaae","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d25ff6981e744d0a47b84082916aaae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Vol 15, Iss 3, Pp 137-152 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56875/2589-0646.1048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56875/2589-0646.1048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898422462","display_name":"Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy","issn_l":"1658-3876","issn":["1658-3876","2589-0646"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1866268415","https://openalex.org/W2171082742","https://openalex.org/W2741377005","https://openalex.org/W2742872033","https://openalex.org/W2792572663","https://openalex.org/W2803967506","https://openalex.org/W2907702391","https://openalex.org/W2910716412","https://openalex.org/W2951554930","https://openalex.org/W2964081725","https://openalex.org/W2964367256","https://openalex.org/W2987841124","https://openalex.org/W2995569299","https://openalex.org/W2995900562","https://openalex.org/W3042662844","https://openalex.org/W3118597941","https://openalex.org/W3126318561","https://openalex.org/W3153571274","https://openalex.org/W3165329193","https://openalex.org/W3190521604","https://openalex.org/W3194795247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894102657","https://openalex.org/W2983915225","https://openalex.org/W4405098089","https://openalex.org/W4225112950","https://openalex.org/W7124319288","https://openalex.org/W2443085751","https://openalex.org/W2796911502","https://openalex.org/W3190521604","https://openalex.org/W2801288940","https://openalex.org/W7139133397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"success":[1],"of":[2,39,51,54,63,71,81,93,101,166,196,204,231,261],"adaptive":[3],"cell":[4,127,289],"therapy":[5,57,128],"(ACT),":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8],"genetically":[9],"engineered":[10,155,170,235,287,301],"T":[11,65,119,288],"cells":[12,66,206,236],"to":[13,20,48,59,67,86,199,208,221,267],"express":[14],"chimeric":[15],"antigen":[16],"receptors":[17],"(CARs)":[18],"proven":[19],"be":[21,209,226,294],"highly":[22],"significant":[23],"technological":[24],"advancements":[25],"and":[26,58,91,110,133,178,186,211,251,258,272,292],"impressive":[27],"clinical":[28,150,167,232,238],"outcomes":[29],"in":[30,84,118,161,283,296],"selected":[31],"haematological":[32],"malignancies,":[33],"with":[34,77,105],"promising":[35],"efficacy.":[36],"The":[37],"evolution":[38],"CAR":[40,56,64,103,116,154,169,234,286,300],"designs":[41],"beyond":[42],"the":[43,52,61,88,107,122,159,164,172,194,216,229,259,269],"conventional":[44,55],"structures":[45],"is":[46,112,129,135,175],"necessary":[47,108],"address":[49],"some":[50],"limitations":[53],"expand":[60],"use":[62],"a":[68,78,201,252],"wider":[69],"range":[70,80],"malignancies.":[72],"There":[73],"are":[74,241,249],"various":[75],"obstacles":[76],"wide":[79],"engineering":[82],"strategies":[83],"order":[85],"improve":[87],"safety,":[89],"efficacy":[90],"applicability":[92],"this":[94,275,279],"therapeutic":[95],"modality.":[96],"Here":[97,213],"we":[98,214,281],"describe":[99,282],"details":[100],"modular":[102],"structure":[104],"all":[106],"domains":[109],"what":[111],"known":[113],"about":[114],"proximal":[115],"signalling":[117],"cells.":[120,157],"Furthermore,":[121],"global":[123],"need":[124],"for":[125,140,163,228,237,298],"adoptive":[126],"expanding":[130],"very":[131],"rapidly,":[132],"there":[134],"an":[136],"urgent":[137],"increasing":[138],"demand":[139],"fully":[141,219],"automated":[142,220],"manufacturing":[143,173,192],"methods":[144],"that":[145],"can":[146,225,293],"produce":[147],"large":[148],"scale":[149],"grade":[151,168,233],"high":[152,202],"quality":[153],"immune":[156],"Despite":[158],"advances":[160],"automation":[162],"production":[165,230,262],"cells,":[171],"process":[174],"costly,":[176],"consistent":[177],"involves":[179],"multiple":[180],"steps,":[181],"including":[182],"selection,":[183],"activation,":[184],"transduction,":[185],"Ex-Vivo":[187],"expansion.":[188],"Among":[189],"these":[190],"complex":[191],"phases,":[193],"choice":[195],"culture":[197],"system":[198],"generate":[200],"number":[203],"functional":[205],"needs":[207],"evaluated":[210],"optimized.":[212],"list":[215],"most":[217],"advance":[218],"semi-automated":[222],"bioreactor":[223],"platforms":[224,290],"used":[227,295],"trials":[239],"but":[240],"far":[242],"from":[243],"being":[244],"standardized.":[245],"New":[246],"processing":[247],"options":[248],"available":[250,291],"systematic":[253],"effort":[254],"seeking":[255],"automation,":[256],"standardization":[257],"increase":[260],"scale,":[263],"would":[264],"certainly":[265],"help":[266],"bring":[268],"costs":[270],"down":[271],"ultimately":[273],"democratise":[274],"personalized":[276],"therapy.":[277],"In":[278],"review,":[280],"detail":[284],"different":[285],"future":[297],"clinical-grade":[299],"ATMP":[302],"production.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-11-28T00:00:00"}
