{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308701475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","title":"Machine learning based skin lesion segmentation method with novel borders and hair removal techniques","display_name":"Machine learning based skin lesion segmentation method with novel borders and hair removal techniques","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308701475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36355845","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9648757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0275781&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0275781&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056890793","display_name":"Mohibur Rehman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohibur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054404553","display_name":"Mushtaq Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-9498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-9498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mushtaq Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-9498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010863688","display_name":"Marwa Ismael Obayya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-9567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-9567","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1405-1323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwa Obayya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058981376","display_name":"Junaid Asghar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2218-0789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2218-0789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172324550","display_name":"Gomal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0241b8f19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Asghar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D I Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D I Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064562623","display_name":"Lal Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-4938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-4938","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-5523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146840658","display_name":"University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/015566d55","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146840658"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lal Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Abdullah Campus Chatter Kalas, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Neelum Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Athmuqam, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Abdullah Campus Chatter Kalas, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146840658"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Neelum Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Athmuqam, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146840658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089583769","display_name":"Mohamed K. Nour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-5392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-5392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed K. Nour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computing and Information System, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computing and Information System, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066330330","display_name":"Noha Negm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5911-1033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5911-1033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noha Negm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Science & Art at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science & Art at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091747108","display_name":"Anwer Mustafa Hilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-8941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-8941","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1688-1348","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0462-1645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anwer Mustafa Hilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054404553","https://openalex.org/A5091747108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572","https://openalex.org/I263208278"],"apc_list":{"value":1805,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1805},"apc_paid":{"value":1805,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1805},"fwci":1.7714,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86583425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"e0275781","last_page":"e0275781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.6133000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.6133000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.3515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-lesion-segmentation","display_name":"skin lesion segmentation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermoscopic-images","display_name":"dermoscopic images","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer","display_name":"skin cancer","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hair-removal","display_name":"hair removal","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grabcut","display_name":"GrabCut","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-enhancement","display_name":"image enhancement","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph2-dataset","display_name":"PH2 dataset","score":0.9330000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203519979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865360","display_name":"Jaccard index","level":3,"score":0.9719420671463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.803242564201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.7425878047943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7129868865013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.6658187508583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6155402064323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5252503752708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5158835649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988168687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949302","display_name":"Skin lesion","level":2,"score":0.48754236102104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777789703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192102","display_name":"Skin cancer","level":3,"score":0.4509279131889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4132674038410187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22606885433197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.13344421982765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1257232129573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.10198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006204","descriptor_name":"Hair Removal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046169","descriptor_name":"Dermoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0275781&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36355845","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36355845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9648757","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9648757/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0275781","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:12efd49f58ce4ae1aa52c65d13a2552f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/12efd49f58ce4ae1aa52c65d13a2552f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e0275781 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/13z1h-h2205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/13z1h-h2205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/13z1h-h2205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/txzjv-4z631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/txzjv-4z631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/txzjv-4z631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275781","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0275781&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7246000170707703,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1681331434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22UQU4310373DSR013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335381","funder_display_name":"Institute of Manuscripts and Revival of Islamic Heritage, Umm Al-Qura University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2453003277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GRP/125/43","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F33954902","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3494588326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2022R203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F33954902","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324047","display_name":"Umm Al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335381","display_name":"Institute of Manuscripts and Revival of Islamic Heritage, Umm Al-Qura University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308701475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308701475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167284668","https://openalex.org/W1981292083","https://openalex.org/W2012875423","https://openalex.org/W2027091505","https://openalex.org/W2035427371","https://openalex.org/W2040600853","https://openalex.org/W2049748121","https://openalex.org/W2061253660","https://openalex.org/W2083970667","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2153119832","https://openalex.org/W2163568480","https://openalex.org/W2283046552","https://openalex.org/W2346254524","https://openalex.org/W2512345362","https://openalex.org/W2521388436","https://openalex.org/W2564782580","https://openalex.org/W2623166637","https://openalex.org/W2738861889","https://openalex.org/W2751686900","https://openalex.org/W2791026961","https://openalex.org/W2803452582","https://openalex.org/W2946260418","https://openalex.org/W2963516899","https://openalex.org/W2969534338","https://openalex.org/W3085376891","https://openalex.org/W3095221069","https://openalex.org/W3141431470","https://openalex.org/W3157093306","https://openalex.org/W6941177321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883746119","https://openalex.org/W3020549833","https://openalex.org/W2960571991","https://openalex.org/W4413753240","https://openalex.org/W6941177321","https://openalex.org/W2153885687","https://openalex.org/W2025459491","https://openalex.org/W4205851232","https://openalex.org/W4313258071","https://openalex.org/W2804405863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,90,149,179],"effective":[1,79],"segmentation":[2,30,70,82,188,216],"of":[3,20,25,65,75,97,117,193,199],"lesion(s)":[4,52],"from":[5,140],"dermoscopic":[6,39,76],"skin":[7,21,28,68,80,186,214],"images":[8,40,162],"assists":[9],"the":[10,17,26,36,63,66,95,101,115,129],"Computer-Aided":[11],"Diagnosis":[12],"(CAD)":[13],"systems":[14],"in":[15,86,100],"improving":[16],"diagnosing":[18],"rate":[19],"cancer.":[22],"results":[24,64,181],"existing":[27,67],"lesion":[29,69,81,139,187,215],"techniques":[31,71],"are":[32,210],"not":[33],"up":[34],"to":[35,51],"mark":[37],"for":[38,72,94,114],"with":[41,48,58,169],"artifacts":[42],"like":[43],"varying":[44],"size":[45],"corner":[46,98],"borders":[47,99],"color":[49],"similar":[50],"and/or":[53],"hairs":[54,118],"having":[55],"low":[56],"contrast":[57],"surrounding":[59],"background.":[60],"To":[61],"improve":[62],"such":[73],"kinds":[74],"images,":[77],"an":[78],"method":[83,92,136,151,189],"is":[84],"proposed":[85,91,150,185],"this":[87],"research":[88],"work.":[89],"searches":[93],"presence":[96,116],"given":[102],"dermoscopc":[103],"image":[104,131,134],"and":[105,121,137,156,164,176,196,205],"removes":[106],"them":[107,123],"if":[108,124],"found":[109],"otherwise":[110],"it":[111,120,127,141],"starts":[112],"searching":[113],"on":[119,154,203],"eliminate":[122],"present.":[125],"Next,":[126],"enhances":[128],"resultant":[130],"using":[132,142],"state-of-the-art":[133,213],"enhancement":[135],"segments":[138],"machine":[143],"learning":[144],"technique":[145],"namely,":[146],"GrabCut":[147],"method.":[148],"was":[152,167],"tested":[153],"PH2":[155],"ISIC":[157],"2018":[158],"datasets":[159],"containing":[160],"200":[161],"each":[163],"its":[165],"accuracy":[166],"measured":[168],"two":[170],"evaluation":[171,180],"metrics,":[172],"i.e.,":[173],"Jaccard":[174,191],"index,":[175],"Dice":[177,197],"index.":[178],"show":[182],"that":[183],"our":[184],"obtained":[190],"Index":[192],"0.77,":[194],"0.80":[195],"index":[198],"0.87,":[200],"0.82":[201],"values":[202],"PH2,":[204],"ISIC2018":[206],"datasets,":[207],"respectively,":[208],"which":[209],"better":[211],"than":[212],"techniques.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2022-11-14T00:00:00"}
