{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308681994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2022.2141247","title":"\u201cReduced to My Race Once Again\u201d: Perceptions about Underrepresented Minority Medical School Applicants in Canada and the United States","display_name":"\u201cReduced to My Race Once Again\u201d: Perceptions about Underrepresented Minority Medical School Applicants in Canada and the United States","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308681994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2022.2141247","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36351290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10401334.2022.2141247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2022.2141247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2022.2141247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19371312","display_name":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","issn_l":"1040-1334","issn":["1040-1334","1532-8015"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007759533","display_name":"Hailey C. Barootes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-9315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-9315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailey C. Barootes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children\u2019s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada","Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children\u2019s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076802450","display_name":"Albert Cong-anh Huynh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Cong-anh Huynh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041227269","display_name":"Marcy Maracle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcy Maracle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043475369","display_name":"Alexandra C. Istl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-1170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-1170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra C. Istl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-1170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065909802","display_name":"Peter Zhan Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-5748","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-5748"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children\u2019s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada","Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children\u2019s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031533773","display_name":"Amrit Kirpalani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-9052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-9052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131944076","display_name":"Lawson Health Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/051gsh239","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131944076"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amrit Kirpalani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children\u2019s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada","Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada","Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-9052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children\u2019s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131944076"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031533773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I131944076","https://openalex.org/I2800925808"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84063028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.2125999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-school-admissions","display_name":"medical school admissions","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-diversity-in-medicine","display_name":"racial diversity in medicine","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-perception","display_name":"peer perception","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-discussion-forums","display_name":"online forums","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marginalization","display_name":"marginalization","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-workforce-diversity","display_name":"medical workforce diversity","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canada","display_name":"Canada","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910734998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305118","display_name":"Underrepresented Minority","level":2,"score":0.8726692199707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.6271799802780151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5616738796234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.5135119557380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.4994466304779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47602998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2588869","display_name":"Language barrier","level":2,"score":0.47078198194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45440879464149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.44957104325294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.42236292362213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32153552770614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.23669713735580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19041630625724792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16260582208633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1222076416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000096966","descriptor_name":"Workforce Diversity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002170","descriptor_name":"Canada","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10401334.2022.2141247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2022.2141247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2022.2141247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19371312","display_name":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","issn_l":"1040-1334","issn":["1040-1334","1532-8015"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36351290","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36351290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Teaching and learning in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:amrit-kirpalani-1154","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/amrit-kirpalani/18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Amrit Kirpalani","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52329907","https://openalex.org/W166934907","https://openalex.org/W1957890759","https://openalex.org/W1996880522","https://openalex.org/W2001873508","https://openalex.org/W2015037067","https://openalex.org/W2029839782","https://openalex.org/W2036840086","https://openalex.org/W2041046881","https://openalex.org/W2073431123","https://openalex.org/W2078828997","https://openalex.org/W2079395535","https://openalex.org/W2131200923","https://openalex.org/W2131963403","https://openalex.org/W2140612461","https://openalex.org/W2325781243","https://openalex.org/W2784287489","https://openalex.org/W2886884577","https://openalex.org/W2896737942","https://openalex.org/W2913144728","https://openalex.org/W2942653642","https://openalex.org/W2971894355","https://openalex.org/W3024777187","https://openalex.org/W3082121050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134741927","https://openalex.org/W3092932881","https://openalex.org/W2092916550","https://openalex.org/W2164302709","https://openalex.org/W1587812928","https://openalex.org/W3035228896","https://openalex.org/W4200168904","https://openalex.org/W4308806221","https://openalex.org/W3205412644","https://openalex.org/W2075949702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phenomenon:":[0],"To":[1],"increase":[2],"racial":[3],"diversity":[4],"in":[5,113,145],"medical":[6,238],"school":[7],"classes,":[8],"many":[9,19],"institutions":[10],"have":[11],"created":[12],"underrepresented":[13],"minority":[14],"(URM)":[15],"application":[16],"streams.":[17,121,211],"However,":[18],"URM":[20,39,59,120,129,138,210,218,233],"students":[21,126,219],"experience":[22],"overt":[23],"and":[24,30,63,80,134,161,188,224],"passive":[25],"marginalization":[26,231],"throughout":[27],"their":[28,44,197],"training":[29],"this":[31,167],"may":[32],"be":[33],"related":[34],"to":[35,56,87,221,229],"how":[36,58],"matriculants":[37,234],"from":[38,73,93,128],"streams":[40,60,130,223],"are":[41,67,131],"perceived":[42,174],"by":[43,196],"peers.":[45],"Approach:":[46],"We":[47,69,82,122,212],"conducted":[48],"a":[49,89,108,183],"discourse":[50],"analysis":[51,86],"of":[52,104,107,119,148,156,185],"online":[53],"discussion":[54,75,202],"forums":[55,203],"explore":[57],"across":[61],"Canada":[62],"the":[64,105,117,146,154,175,192],"United":[65],"States":[66],"perceived.":[68],"analyzed":[70],"850":[71],"posts":[72],"13":[74],"threads":[76],"published":[77],"between":[78],"2015":[79],"2020.":[81],"used":[83],"inductive":[84],"content":[85],"develop":[88],"data-driven":[90],"coding":[91],"scheme":[92],"which":[94],"we":[95],"identified":[96,123,213],"common":[97],"themes.":[98],"Findings:":[99],"Despite":[100],"an":[101],"overall":[102],"appreciation":[103],"benefits":[106],"diverse":[109],"workforce,":[110],"participants":[111],"engaged":[112],"prominent":[114],"discussions":[115],"surrounding":[116,209],"merits":[118],"perceptions":[124,208],"that":[125,153,162,191,226],"admitted":[127],"less":[132],"academically":[133],"clinically":[135],"competent,":[136],"with":[137,180],"applicants":[139,172],"reporting":[140],"feeling":[141],"unworthy":[142],"for":[143],"admission":[144],"eyes":[147],"non-URM":[149],"applicants.":[150],"Users":[151],"felt":[152],"influence":[155],"socioeconomic":[157],"status":[158],"was":[159],"under-appreciated,":[160],"admissions":[163,176],"officers":[164],"inadequately":[165],"addressed":[166],"barrier.":[168],"There":[169],"were":[170],"some":[171],"who":[173],"process":[177],"as":[178],"\u201cbroken\u201d":[179],"non-URMs":[181],"displaying":[182],"fear":[184],"social":[186],"change,":[187],"URMs":[189],"fearing":[190],"system":[193],"defines":[194],"them":[195],"racialized":[198],"status.":[199],"Insights:":[200],"Online":[201],"provide":[204],"unique":[205],"insight":[206],"into":[207],"potentially":[214],"harmful":[215],"misconceptions":[216],"about":[217],"applying":[220],"these":[222],"highlight":[225],"actionable":[227],"measures":[228],"reduce":[230],"against":[232],"must":[235],"begin":[236],"before":[237],"school.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-11-14T00:00:00"}