{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308332994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111900","title":"Biomedical Application of Photoacoustics: A Plethora of Opportunities","display_name":"Biomedical Application of Photoacoustics: A Plethora of Opportunities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308332994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111900","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36363921","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9692656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi13111900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/11/1900/pdf?version=1667469559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/11/1900/pdf?version=1667469559","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035925303","display_name":"Deblina Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-3165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-3165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133311","display_name":"Shoolini University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe2fg84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deblina Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083300905","display_name":"Swarup Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-100X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-100X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133311","display_name":"Shoolini University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe2fg84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swarup Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-100X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079887648","display_name":"Srivathsan Vasudevan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-4621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-4621"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srivathsan Vasudevan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol 453552, MP, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol 453552, MP, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035925303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133311"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2094},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2094},"fwci":0.245,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2360689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"1900","last_page":"1900"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoacoustics","display_name":"photoacoustics","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoacoustic-imaging","display_name":"photoacoustic imaging","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelastic-expansion","display_name":"thermoelastic expansion","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-excitation","display_name":"laser excitation","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-applications","display_name":"biomedical applications","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-imaging","display_name":"non-invasive imaging","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54932901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187705","display_name":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.7793700695037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92458943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783171","display_name":"Thermoelastic damping","level":3,"score":0.6110112071037292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5072447657585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4666075110435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45105186104774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.4195290505886078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.39622944593429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.388189435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34367531538009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.32794612646102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24903416633605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17268654704093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16624677181243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi13111900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/11/1900/pdf?version=1667469559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9692656","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9692656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36363921","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36363921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1e3a38a80ec474e872ae14992674bcb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b1e3a38a80ec474e872ae14992674bcb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 1900 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi13111900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13111900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/11/1900/pdf?version=1667469559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308332994.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308332994.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":136,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108979814","https://openalex.org/W198508004","https://openalex.org/W1582953625","https://openalex.org/W1925587899","https://openalex.org/W1969318337","https://openalex.org/W1972504893","https://openalex.org/W1975753881","https://openalex.org/W1976483617","https://openalex.org/W1982760718","https://openalex.org/W1982904002","https://openalex.org/W1987518756","https://openalex.org/W1993253868","https://openalex.org/W1995583204","https://openalex.org/W1995971025","https://openalex.org/W1997312345","https://openalex.org/W1997692791","https://openalex.org/W1998388590","https://openalex.org/W2001706559","https://openalex.org/W2004558817","https://openalex.org/W2004609489","https://openalex.org/W2005834295","https://openalex.org/W2007499047","https://openalex.org/W2009857363","https://openalex.org/W2011539753","https://openalex.org/W2012728588","https://openalex.org/W2018365492","https://openalex.org/W2021871460","https://openalex.org/W2023074414","https://openalex.org/W2024391597","https://openalex.org/W2025276450","https://openalex.org/W2026057935","https://openalex.org/W2026460564","https://openalex.org/W2027347827","https://openalex.org/W2030348841","https://openalex.org/W2033725915","https://openalex.org/W2034849654","https://openalex.org/W2036993717","https://openalex.org/W2038103902","https://openalex.org/W2039282409","https://openalex.org/W2043480500","https://openalex.org/W2044652293","https://openalex.org/W2045236159","https://openalex.org/W2047017131","https://openalex.org/W2049976683","https://openalex.org/W2055757912","https://openalex.org/W2059092222","https://openalex.org/W2061886045","https://openalex.org/W2071179313","https://openalex.org/W2072328970","https://openalex.org/W2073352609","https://openalex.org/W2073751205","https://openalex.org/W2075244150","https://openalex.org/W2075827920","https://openalex.org/W2078517045","https://openalex.org/W2081654311","https://openalex.org/W2082233862","https://openalex.org/W2083272906","https://openalex.org/W2084220090","https://openalex.org/W2085090764","https://openalex.org/W2089901886","https://openalex.org/W2092513871","https://openalex.org/W2096103307","https://openalex.org/W2100635475","https://openalex.org/W2104979069","https://openalex.org/W2107536698","https://openalex.org/W2107937036","https://openalex.org/W2110856667","https://openalex.org/W2113238081","https://openalex.org/W2115849172","https://openalex.org/W2124675451","https://openalex.org/W2125556571","https://openalex.org/W2126375075","https://openalex.org/W2127313070","https://openalex.org/W2129808105","https://openalex.org/W2130711580","https://openalex.org/W2133150693","https://openalex.org/W2133380652","https://openalex.org/W2137472570","https://openalex.org/W2141668152","https://openalex.org/W2143147898","https://openalex.org/W2143469673","https://openalex.org/W2145011468","https://openalex.org/W2148121924","https://openalex.org/W2151171671","https://openalex.org/W2152146469","https://openalex.org/W2154679409","https://openalex.org/W2155836470","https://openalex.org/W2156038372","https://openalex.org/W2157048271","https://openalex.org/W2162434940","https://openalex.org/W2162473564","https://openalex.org/W2168669828","https://openalex.org/W2171221778","https://openalex.org/W2187855419","https://openalex.org/W2253328165","https://openalex.org/W2257626963","https://openalex.org/W2283261814","https://openalex.org/W2363956373","https://openalex.org/W2427879451","https://openalex.org/W2496810571","https://openalex.org/W2512860796","https://openalex.org/W2516791228","https://openalex.org/W2534948625","https://openalex.org/W2585616303","https://openalex.org/W2605295756","https://openalex.org/W2612416323","https://openalex.org/W2622616257","https://openalex.org/W2789812560","https://openalex.org/W2884481470","https://openalex.org/W2885304391","https://openalex.org/W2888132179","https://openalex.org/W2902782011","https://openalex.org/W2921751453","https://openalex.org/W2943290254","https://openalex.org/W2944908904","https://openalex.org/W2950682289","https://openalex.org/W2972182688","https://openalex.org/W2986527598","https://openalex.org/W3091249036","https://openalex.org/W3138719890","https://openalex.org/W3155808064","https://openalex.org/W3164296749","https://openalex.org/W3166216741","https://openalex.org/W3168339849","https://openalex.org/W3172934016","https://openalex.org/W3200194576","https://openalex.org/W3206902766","https://openalex.org/W4200217810","https://openalex.org/W4200507726","https://openalex.org/W4200550210","https://openalex.org/W4206711830","https://openalex.org/W4220737156","https://openalex.org/W4238622620","https://openalex.org/W4280519662","https://openalex.org/W4285233968","https://openalex.org/W4295906216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401333761","https://openalex.org/W2157048271","https://openalex.org/W4252464126","https://openalex.org/W2750969792","https://openalex.org/W4210496798","https://openalex.org/W4224066564","https://openalex.org/W7170059129","https://openalex.org/W3155808064","https://openalex.org/W2126375075","https://openalex.org/W4385486664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103],"photoacoustic":[1],"(PA)":[2],"technique":[3,9],"is":[4,112],"a":[5,31],"non-invasive,":[6],"non-ionizing":[7],"hybrid":[8,32],"that":[10],"exploits":[11],"laser":[12],"irradiation":[13],"for":[14,70],"sample":[15],"excitation":[16],"and":[17,44,54,97,110],"acquires":[18],"an":[19],"ultrasound":[20],"signal":[21,107],"generated":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24],"thermoelastic":[25],"expansion":[26],"of":[27,39,48,57,61,83,90,105,127],"the":[28,36,58,80,122],"sample.":[29],"Being":[30],"technique,":[33],"PA":[34,66,91,95,99,106,128],"possesses":[35],"inherent":[37],"advantages":[38],"conventional":[40,63],"optical":[41],"(high":[42,46],"resolution)":[43],"ultrasonic":[45],"depth":[47],"penetration":[49],"in":[50,115],"biological":[51],"tissue)":[52],"techniques":[53],"eliminates":[55],"some":[56],"major":[59,123],"limitations":[60],"these":[62],"techniques.":[64],"Hence,":[65],"has":[67],"been":[68],"employed":[69],"different":[71,88],"biomedical":[72,124],"applications.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75,116],"review,":[76],"we":[77,86,119],"first":[78],"discuss":[79,87,121],"basic":[81],"physics":[82],"PA.":[84],"Then,":[85],"aspects":[89],"techniques,":[92],"which":[93],"includes":[94],"imaging":[96],"also":[98,113,120],"frequency":[100],"spectral":[101],"analysis.":[102],"theory":[104],"generation,":[108],"detection":[109],"analysis":[111],"detailed":[114],"work.":[117],"Later,":[118],"application":[125],"area":[126],"technique.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2022-11-11T00:00:00"}