{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308330016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","title":"Effects of Negarim Micro Catchment on Growth and Survival of Two Provenances of Moringa oleifera Under Different Spacing in a Semi-Arid Area of Kitui County, Kenya","display_name":"Effects of Negarim Micro Catchment on Growth and Survival of Two Provenances of Moringa oleifera Under Different Spacing in a Semi-Arid Area of Kitui County, Kenya","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308330016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","pdf_url":"https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/eajenr/article/download/927/1283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200621","display_name":"East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources","issn_l":"2707-4234","issn":["2707-4234","2707-4242"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/eajenr/article/download/927/1283","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075018517","display_name":"Desmond Obala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263567798","display_name":"South Eastern Kenya University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w403504","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Desmond Obala","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Eastern Kenya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Eastern Kenya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003414452","display_name":"Felista Muriu-Ng\u2019ang\u2019a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263567798","display_name":"South Eastern Kenya University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w403504","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felista Muriu-Ng\u2019ang\u2019a","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Eastern Kenya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Eastern Kenya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019533611","display_name":"Harun Mutuma Kiruki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-7524","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-7524"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263567798","display_name":"South Eastern Kenya University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w403504","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harun Kiruki","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Eastern Kenya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Eastern Kenya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003795425","display_name":"Festus Mbatha Mutiso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263567798","display_name":"South Eastern Kenya University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w403504","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Festus Mutiso","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Eastern Kenya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Eastern Kenya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028459107","display_name":"Charles K. Ndungu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-7523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-7523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263567798","display_name":"South Eastern Kenya University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w403504","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Ndung\u2019u","raw_affiliation_strings":["South Eastern Kenya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Eastern Kenya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263567798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1303,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34903205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"14","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12721","display_name":"Moringa oleifera research and applications","score":0.46700000762939453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12721","display_name":"Moringa oleifera research and applications","score":0.46700000762939453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.3693999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12870","display_name":"Seedling growth and survival studies","score":0.125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moringa-oleifera","display_name":"Moringa oleifera","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provenance-variation","display_name":"provenance variation","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-spacing","display_name":"plant spacing","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-growth","display_name":"tree growth","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-survival","display_name":"tree survival","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-collar-diameter","display_name":"root collar diameter","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branch-growth","display_name":"branch growth","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture","display_name":"soil moisture","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runoff-harvesting","display_name":"runoff harvesting","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-erosion-control","display_name":"soil erosion control","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiarid-agriculture","display_name":"semi-arid agriculture","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kitui-county","display_name":"Kitui County","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry-trees","display_name":"agroforestry trees","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310468","display_name":"Moringa","level":2,"score":0.732768177986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780049196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23582628","display_name":"Provenance","level":2,"score":0.7044457197189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.6228778958320618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108904","display_name":"Collar","level":2,"score":0.5162246227264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.5093151330947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.49669891595840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4669913351535797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.4169779419898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.33865466713905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31829434633255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20761388540267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.11675834655761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.11038383841514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","pdf_url":"https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/eajenr/article/download/927/1283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200621","display_name":"East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources","issn_l":"2707-4234","issn":["2707-4234","2707-4242"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.927","pdf_url":"https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/eajenr/article/download/927/1283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200621","display_name":"East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources","issn_l":"2707-4234","issn":["2707-4234","2707-4242"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308330016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308330016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71981002","https://openalex.org/W1532639956","https://openalex.org/W2073364629","https://openalex.org/W2127084917","https://openalex.org/W2144167994","https://openalex.org/W2318533881","https://openalex.org/W2525759998","https://openalex.org/W2789422936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318298579","https://openalex.org/W4390984359","https://openalex.org/W2414764717","https://openalex.org/W4284898329","https://openalex.org/W2588763423","https://openalex.org/W2562461020","https://openalex.org/W7171816646","https://openalex.org/W2384229453","https://openalex.org/W4402526415","https://openalex.org/W2613439708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kenya":[0],"has":[1],"a":[2,27,50,202,236],"large":[3],"population":[4],"of":[5,15,20,72,106,115,140,181,204,224,287],"multifunctional":[6],"tree":[7,294],"species":[8],"like":[9],"Moringa":[10,16],"oleifera":[11,17],"(Lamark).":[12],"Two":[13],"provenances":[14],"from":[18,92,100,108,126,165,174,184,192],"areas":[19],"Gede":[21,85],"and":[22,38,65,74,112,128,136,144,146,151,188,207,215,222,227,231,248,284,300,316,322],"Machakos":[23,155],"were":[24,69,263,276],"used":[25],"in":[26,49,67,293,297,311,328],"study":[28],"to":[29,94,102,110,117,167,176,186,194,219,271,290],"examine":[30],"how":[31],"Negarim":[32,232,260],"micro":[33,233,261],"catchment":[34,159,234,262,266],"affects":[35],"their":[36,282],"growth":[37],"survival":[39,63,113,147,189],"traits":[40],"under":[41,87,158,259,277],"various":[42],"spacings.":[43],"An":[44],"experiment":[45],"was":[46,76],"set":[47],"up":[48],"Randomised":[51],"Complete":[52],"Block":[53],"Design":[54],"with":[55,303],"three":[56],"replicates.":[57],"Root":[58],"collar":[59,98,132,171,211],"diameter,":[60],"branches":[61,107,141,182],"development,":[62],"rate":[64,114,148,190],"increase":[66],"height":[68,90,124,163,203,244],"the":[70,179,265,285,298],"variables":[71],"interest":[73],"data":[75],"collected":[77],"for":[78,324],"16":[79,220],"months":[80],"(January":[81],"2018/April":[82],"2019).":[83],"For":[84],"provenance":[86,156],"catchment,":[88,122,199],"plant":[89,123,162],"ranged":[91,173,191],"83":[93],"123":[95],"cm,":[96,104,130,138,169,178,209,217],"root":[97,131,170,210],"diameter":[99,133,172,212],"1.7":[101],"2.5":[103],"number":[105,139,180],"13":[109],"15,":[111,187],"51":[116],"74":[118],"%.":[119,153,196,229],"Under":[120,197],"no":[121,198,278],"varied":[125,164,183],"127":[127],"191":[129],"between":[134,142,149,205,213,225,257],"2.7":[135],"4.4":[137],"15":[143],"19,":[145],"70":[150],"75":[152],"The":[154,254],"results":[157],"revealed":[160],"that":[161,275],"62":[166],"174":[168],"0.9":[175],"4.7":[177],"8":[185],"48":[193],"69":[195],"it":[200],"reached":[201],"43":[206],"171":[208],"1.5":[214],"3.6":[216],"10":[218],"branches,":[221],"survivability":[223,240],"57":[226],"78":[228],"Provenance":[230],"had":[235],"significant":[237,255],"effect":[238],"on":[239],"(p":[241,245,251],"\u2264":[242,246,252],"0.05),":[243,247],"branch":[249],"development":[250],"0.05).":[253],"differences":[256],"plants":[258,272],"because":[264],"provided":[267],"more":[268],"moisture":[269],"advantages":[270],"than":[273],"those":[274],"catchment.":[279],"This":[280,307],"demonstrates":[281],"appropriateness":[283],"possibility":[286],"recommending":[288],"them":[289],"be":[291],"included":[292],"cultivation":[295],"systems":[296],"area":[299],"other":[301],"places":[302],"comparable":[304],"climatic":[305],"circumstances.":[306],"research":[308],"is":[309],"noteworthy":[310],"promoting":[312],"soil":[313],"erosion":[314],"management":[315],"environmental":[317],"preservation":[318],"by":[319],"providing":[320],"information":[321],"methods":[323],"effectively":[325],"using":[326],"runoff":[327],"valuable":[329],"crops/tree":[330],"production":[331]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-11-11T00:00:00"}