{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307450000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2127064","title":"Overcoming gender bias in the digital economy. Empirical evidence for European countries","display_name":"Overcoming gender bias in the digital economy. Empirical evidence for European countries","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307450000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2127064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09718524.2022.2127064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2127064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2127064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110812003","display_name":"Gender Technology and Development","issn_l":"0971-8524","issn":["0971-8524","0973-0656","1940-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gender, Technology and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049056892","display_name":"Ewa Lechman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-7134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-7134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ewa Lechman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdansk University of Technology, Fahrenheit Universities, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-7134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdansk University of Technology, Fahrenheit Universities, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056986408","display_name":"Magdalena Popowska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-7196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-7196"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena Popowska","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-7196","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056986408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97685409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"404","last_page":"436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.7832000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.7832000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.08860000222921371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.07119999825954437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-bias","display_name":"gender bias","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-economy","display_name":"digital economy","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-gap","display_name":"gender gap","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-technology","display_name":"women in technology","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-tech-employment","display_name":"high-tech employment","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality-in-education","display_name":"gender inequality in education","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality-in-labor-markets","display_name":"gender inequality in labor markets","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-countries","display_name":"European countries","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.703945517539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.650739312171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891097","display_name":"Gender inequality","level":3,"score":0.6398690342903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.6351063847541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5232842564582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992299759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender equality","level":2,"score":0.4777185916900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.4594818353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5530954","display_name":"Gender analysis","level":2,"score":0.4413357973098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4248039126396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4112949073314667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3608230948448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2938421964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2856287658214569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.27539169788360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20978161692619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.12952548265457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11166596412658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09718524.2022.2127064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2127064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2127064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110812003","display_name":"Gender Technology and Development","issn_l":"0971-8524","issn":["0971-8524","0973-0656","1940-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gender, Technology and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5385000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496462336","https://openalex.org/W1534364023","https://openalex.org/W1539946479","https://openalex.org/W1924910378","https://openalex.org/W1989181426","https://openalex.org/W2017977879","https://openalex.org/W2024081693","https://openalex.org/W2060854787","https://openalex.org/W2067301720","https://openalex.org/W2087946532","https://openalex.org/W2090224605","https://openalex.org/W2093999083","https://openalex.org/W2110533326","https://openalex.org/W2131247903","https://openalex.org/W2140695089","https://openalex.org/W2164636169","https://openalex.org/W2281616277","https://openalex.org/W2340609367","https://openalex.org/W2416370990","https://openalex.org/W2527098785","https://openalex.org/W2528692790","https://openalex.org/W2598267753","https://openalex.org/W2599784439","https://openalex.org/W2610105105","https://openalex.org/W2632512716","https://openalex.org/W2636480839","https://openalex.org/W2737748483","https://openalex.org/W2759689989","https://openalex.org/W2784061901","https://openalex.org/W2785018824","https://openalex.org/W2786372958","https://openalex.org/W2787784991","https://openalex.org/W2791637817","https://openalex.org/W2792611308","https://openalex.org/W2805443126","https://openalex.org/W2810752586","https://openalex.org/W2891796828","https://openalex.org/W2898582372","https://openalex.org/W2901791314","https://openalex.org/W2905616789","https://openalex.org/W2906168006","https://openalex.org/W2914638226","https://openalex.org/W2927680004","https://openalex.org/W2931405657","https://openalex.org/W2947440313","https://openalex.org/W2950330878","https://openalex.org/W2951028292","https://openalex.org/W2953368951","https://openalex.org/W2960224865","https://openalex.org/W2962327129","https://openalex.org/W2967995293","https://openalex.org/W2982113628","https://openalex.org/W2984399019","https://openalex.org/W2988004178","https://openalex.org/W2989775513","https://openalex.org/W3002264400","https://openalex.org/W3010211980","https://openalex.org/W3013289126","https://openalex.org/W3019911217","https://openalex.org/W3059246257","https://openalex.org/W3084403573","https://openalex.org/W3094285898","https://openalex.org/W3112702179","https://openalex.org/W3120846540","https://openalex.org/W3123015728","https://openalex.org/W3125590039","https://openalex.org/W3139191210","https://openalex.org/W3143357988","https://openalex.org/W3153867715","https://openalex.org/W3158597779","https://openalex.org/W3166658386","https://openalex.org/W3168992332","https://openalex.org/W3177886146","https://openalex.org/W3179091442","https://openalex.org/W3181221832","https://openalex.org/W3181447271","https://openalex.org/W3182129796","https://openalex.org/W3183047173","https://openalex.org/W3189888091","https://openalex.org/W3202012450","https://openalex.org/W3203331668","https://openalex.org/W4206051352","https://openalex.org/W4224112730","https://openalex.org/W4226095063","https://openalex.org/W4233798261","https://openalex.org/W4244304129","https://openalex.org/W4247624730","https://openalex.org/W4280552326","https://openalex.org/W4280565305","https://openalex.org/W4281709389","https://openalex.org/W4361752358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160701480","https://openalex.org/W4403235941","https://openalex.org/W7155687990","https://openalex.org/W6949507776","https://openalex.org/W3112702179","https://openalex.org/W7215140484","https://openalex.org/W7216940415","https://openalex.org/W7202198597","https://openalex.org/W7154121498","https://openalex.org/W7083291003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,5],"contribute":[4],"understanding":[6],"the":[7,13,40,59,89,126],"gender":[8,24,56,74,131,139],"biases":[9,57],"that":[10],"emerge":[11],"in":[12,31,36,58,68,79,88,133],"digital":[14],"technology-related":[15,37,134],"field.":[16],"More":[17],"specifically":[18],"we":[19,71],"concentrate":[20],"on":[21],"examining":[22,118],"whether":[23,73],"gaps":[25,75,140],"are":[26,29,93],"diminishing":[27,130],"or":[28,77],"persistent":[30],"terms":[32],"of":[33,43,128],"women\u2019s":[34],"enrollment":[35],"programs":[38],"at":[39],"tertiary":[41],"level":[42],"education":[44,135],"and":[45,65,92,101,115,136],"for":[46],"female":[47,64],"STEM":[48],"graduates.":[49],"Next,":[50],"this":[51,80],"evidence":[52],"is":[53],"confronted":[54],"with":[55],"labor":[60],"market":[61],"regarding":[62,141],"changing":[63],"male":[66],"employment":[67],"high-tech":[69,142],"sectors;":[70],"detect":[72],"grow":[76],"diminish":[78],"respect.":[81],"Our":[82,104,122],"data":[83],"cover":[84],"29":[85],"European":[86],"countries":[87],"period":[90],"2011\u20132020":[91],"extracted":[94],"from":[95],"World":[96],"Economic":[97],"Forum":[98],"reports,":[99],"Eurostat,":[100],"UNESCO":[102],"databases.":[103],"methodological":[105],"framework":[106],"combines":[107],"time":[108],"trends":[109],"analysis,":[110],"cross-country":[111],"inequalities,":[112],"distributional":[113],"changes,":[114],"non-parametric":[116],"approximations":[117],"relationships":[119],"between":[120],"variables.":[121],"major":[123],"conclusions":[124],"support":[125],"view":[127],"negligibly":[129],"inequalities":[132],"demonstrate":[137],"increasing":[138],"employment.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-11-01T00:00:00"}