{"id":"https://openalex.org/W43070045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009953723963","title":"Ancient Views on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis: An Historical and Epistemological Perspective","display_name":"Ancient Views on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis: An Historical and Epistemological Perspective","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W43070045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009953723963","mag":"43070045","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1009953723963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009953723963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009953723963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142774597","display_name":"Pituitary","issn_l":"1386-341X","issn":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pituitary","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011846702","display_name":"Roberto Toni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-4753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-4753"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Toni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Umane e Fisiopatologia dell'Apparato Locomotore and Instituto Di Anatomia Umana Normale, University of Bologna and Parma School of Medicine, Bologna and Parma, Italy. rtoni@biocfarm.unibo.it","Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Umane e Fisiopatologia dell'Apparato Locomotore, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Umane e Fisiopatologia dell'Apparato Locomotore and Instituto Di Anatomia Umana Normale, University of Bologna and Parma School of Medicine, Bologna and Parma, Italy. rtoni@biocfarm.unibo.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Umane e Fisiopatologia dell'Apparato Locomotore, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011846702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":{"value":4490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4490},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02004224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"83","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.7616999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.7616999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.16750000417232513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12854","display_name":"Neurology and Historical Studies","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid-axis","display_name":"hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-endocrinology","display_name":"history of endocrinology","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/andreas-vesalius","display_name":"Andreas Vesalius","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrica","display_name":"Fabrica","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/claude-bernard","display_name":"Claude Bernard","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homeostasis","display_name":"homeostasis","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid","display_name":"thyroid gland","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pituitary-gland","display_name":"pituitary gland","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamus","display_name":"hypothalamus","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galen","display_name":"Galen","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aristotle","display_name":"Aristotle","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-epistemology","display_name":"epistemology of medicine","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.5974716544151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.59719318151474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777658017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156871","display_name":"Pituitary gland","level":3,"score":0.5085192918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45825353264808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780300509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307505","display_name":"Infundibulum","level":2,"score":0.4258255660533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777003273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164386","display_name":"Hypothalamus","level":2,"score":0.4177652597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2390803098678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.173532634973526}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007030","descriptor_name":"Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010827","descriptor_name":"Physiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013961","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Gland","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049669","descriptor_name":"History, 16th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049671","descriptor_name":"History, 18th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049691","descriptor_name":"History, Medieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1009953723963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009953723963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009953723963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142774597","display_name":"Pituitary","issn_l":"1386-341X","issn":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pituitary","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11141700","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pituitary","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87650455","https://openalex.org/W572772444","https://openalex.org/W575894498","https://openalex.org/W615949726","https://openalex.org/W846846648","https://openalex.org/W1588195558","https://openalex.org/W1669155516","https://openalex.org/W1971144997","https://openalex.org/W1999490906","https://openalex.org/W2024794762","https://openalex.org/W2066298057","https://openalex.org/W2072721138","https://openalex.org/W2072886744","https://openalex.org/W2078824405","https://openalex.org/W2078953759","https://openalex.org/W2087351004","https://openalex.org/W2096863916","https://openalex.org/W2141007574","https://openalex.org/W2160460796","https://openalex.org/W2171846879","https://openalex.org/W2398313093","https://openalex.org/W2467508367","https://openalex.org/W2496475425","https://openalex.org/W2895656097","https://openalex.org/W6635182820","https://openalex.org/W6680715028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080521535","https://openalex.org/W199949774","https://openalex.org/W93931694","https://openalex.org/W6885063586","https://openalex.org/W4254514163","https://openalex.org/W114494405","https://openalex.org/W1526018376","https://openalex.org/W2809087180","https://openalex.org/W2782683382","https://openalex.org/W4318588159"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}