{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306681007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262","title":"The political economy of noncompliance in customs unions","display_name":"The political economy of noncompliance in customs unions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306681007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/09516298221130262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64175637","display_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","issn_l":"0951-6298","issn":["0951-6298","1460-3667"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022220594","display_name":"Joshua C. Fjelstul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-260X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-260X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["CH","NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua C. Fjelstul","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARENA Centre for European Studies, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","Department of Political Science and International Relations,  The University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","Department of Political Science and International Relations, The University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-260X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARENA Centre for European Studies, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science and International Relations,  The University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science and International Relations, The University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022220594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229","https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":{"value":3250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3250},"apc_paid":{"value":3250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3250},"fwci":0.3389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65235263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8159000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8159000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.10849999636411667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customs-union","display_name":"customs union","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noncompliance","display_name":"non-compliance","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-regimes","display_name":"regulatory regimes","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-courts","display_name":"international courts","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-barriers","display_name":"trade barriers","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-heterogeneity","display_name":"firm heterogeneity","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/litigation","display_name":"litigation","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-welfare","display_name":"consumer welfare","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-trade","display_name":"political economy of trade","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6366192102432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.6180402636528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5472719669342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97460637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468489","display_name":"Plaintiff","level":2,"score":0.5380674600601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5299960970878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4635085165500641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4546833038330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4279385209083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39585742354393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3953418731689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.375349760055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13285794854164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08771979808807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/09516298221130262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64175637","display_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","issn_l":"0951-6298","issn":["0951-6298","1460-3667"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:jothpo:v:35:y:2023:i:1:p:31-57","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09516298221130262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/110099","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/110099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"0951-6298","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/09516298221130262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09516298221130262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64175637","display_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","issn_l":"0951-6298","issn":["0951-6298","1460-3667"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309381","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W193276848","https://openalex.org/W1528104050","https://openalex.org/W1552018024","https://openalex.org/W1914679505","https://openalex.org/W1967014080","https://openalex.org/W1973030734","https://openalex.org/W1990970919","https://openalex.org/W2016979187","https://openalex.org/W2018561378","https://openalex.org/W2030796074","https://openalex.org/W2038002035","https://openalex.org/W2080472806","https://openalex.org/W2093248821","https://openalex.org/W2097990966","https://openalex.org/W2099167504","https://openalex.org/W2107274838","https://openalex.org/W2108930531","https://openalex.org/W2115015864","https://openalex.org/W2120748296","https://openalex.org/W2124151790","https://openalex.org/W2124651012","https://openalex.org/W2125328317","https://openalex.org/W2135691100","https://openalex.org/W2141053676","https://openalex.org/W2143719597","https://openalex.org/W2145005545","https://openalex.org/W2155340768","https://openalex.org/W2157780108","https://openalex.org/W2295234809","https://openalex.org/W2320824884","https://openalex.org/W2341527466","https://openalex.org/W2485644851","https://openalex.org/W2510967131","https://openalex.org/W2779478105","https://openalex.org/W2794067958","https://openalex.org/W3023875755","https://openalex.org/W3123373508","https://openalex.org/W3125350661","https://openalex.org/W3125569413","https://openalex.org/W3125811491","https://openalex.org/W4230017304","https://openalex.org/W4237897854","https://openalex.org/W4244145626","https://openalex.org/W4247750369","https://openalex.org/W4297974475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125670764","https://openalex.org/W4301858841","https://openalex.org/W2017658601","https://openalex.org/W1506390844","https://openalex.org/W2389987881","https://openalex.org/W2077991696","https://openalex.org/W1963587373","https://openalex.org/W3123246357","https://openalex.org/W2598514960","https://openalex.org/W1504189422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"States":[0],"create":[1,22],"customs":[2,56],"unions":[3],"to":[4,12,14,28,125],"accrue":[5,53],"consumer":[6,150],"welfare":[7,49],"gains.":[8],"Given":[9],"the":[10,39,48,128,131,140,144],"incentives":[11],"cheat":[13],"protect":[15],"domestic":[16],"firms":[17,148],"from":[18,54,133],"foreign":[19],"competition,":[20],"they":[21],"regulatory":[23,44,62,91,110],"regimes":[24,45,63,92,111],"with":[25,77,120],"international":[26],"courts":[27],"manage":[29],"noncompliance.":[30],"I":[31],"develop":[32],"a":[33],"formal":[34],"model":[35,59,137],"that":[36,51,61,101],"explains":[37],"how":[38],"politics":[40],"of":[41,80,85,146],"compliance":[42,69],"in":[43,75,83,106],"systematically":[46],"distorts":[47],"gains":[50],"states":[52],"developing":[55],"unions.":[57],"The":[58,136],"predicts":[60,139],"are":[64,93,112,123],"most":[65],"effective":[66,95,114],"at":[67,71],"enforcing":[68],"(i.e.,":[70],"reducing":[72],"trade":[73],"barriers)":[74],"industries":[76],"intermediate":[78],"levels":[79],"firm":[81],"homogeneity":[82],"terms":[84],"productivity.":[86],"In":[87],"highly":[88,107],"homogenous":[89],"industries,":[90,109],"not":[94,104,113],"because":[96,115],"noncompliance":[97,119],"is":[98,103],"minimal":[99],"enough":[100],"litigation":[102],"cost-effective;":[105],"heterogenous":[108],"courts,":[116],"concerned":[117],"about":[118],"their":[121],"rulings,":[122],"unlikely":[124],"rule":[126],"against":[127],"defendants,":[129],"deterring":[130],"plaintiffs":[132],"bringing":[134],"cases.":[135],"also":[138],"downstream":[141],"consequences":[142],"for":[143],"performance":[145],"individual":[147],"and":[149],"welfare.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
