{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306249781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2022.2133154","title":"\u201cThe Subject Matter Should Be an Adequate Trigger Warning\u201d: How and Why Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Use (and Don\u2019t Use) Trigger Warnings","display_name":"\u201cThe Subject Matter Should Be an Adequate Trigger Warning\u201d: How and Why Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Use (and Don\u2019t Use) Trigger Warnings","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306249781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2022.2133154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10511253.2022.2133154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2022.2133154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2022.2133154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10689036","display_name":"Journal of Criminal Justice Education","issn_l":"1051-1253","issn":["1051-1253","1745-9117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Criminal Justice Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012788371","display_name":"Alison C. Cares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-1485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-1485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149715","display_name":"Wellesley Centers for Women","ror":"https://ror.org/05bc1rm89","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189731429","https://openalex.org/I4210149715"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison C. Cares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sociology and Violence against Women Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, U.S. and Justice and Gender-Based Violence Research Initiative, Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sociology and Violence against Women Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, U.S. and Justice and Gender-Based Violence Research Initiative, Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777","https://openalex.org/I4210149715"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006090402","display_name":"Lisa Growette Bostaph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-1798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-1798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Growette Bostaph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Criminal Justice, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Criminal Justice, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053608609","display_name":"Bonnie Sue Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-673X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-673X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonnie S. Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039598466","display_name":"Arelys Madero\u2010Hernandez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139418187","display_name":"Shippensburg University","ror":"https://ror.org/048arep70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139418187"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arelys Madero Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Criminal Justice, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Criminal Justice, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139418187"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053483076","display_name":"Shameika D. Daye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3394-1005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3394-1005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shameika Daye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sociology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95875415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"598","last_page":"616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14421","display_name":"Educational Philosophies and Pedagogies","score":0.22509999573230743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14421","display_name":"Educational Philosophies and Pedagogies","score":0.22509999573230743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.16249999403953552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11039","display_name":"Evaluation of Teaching Practices","score":0.08240000158548355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigger-warnings","display_name":"trigger warnings","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course-content","display_name":"course content","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-readiness","display_name":"student readiness","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions","display_name":"teacher perceptions","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphic-content","display_name":"graphic content","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.8067942261695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.7004075050354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5158476233482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5146063566207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.485260933637619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.4231567978858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992860105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631392","display_name":"Subject matter","level":3,"score":0.4134942591190338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24318775534629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19276851415634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12461090087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.11379703879356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.11322173476219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10511253.2022.2133154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2022.2133154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2022.2133154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10689036","display_name":"Journal of Criminal Justice Education","issn_l":"1051-1253","issn":["1051-1253","1745-9117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Criminal Justice Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.boisestate.edu:crimjust_facpubs-1222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/crimjust_facpubs/223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400258","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Boise State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","host_organization_name":"Boise State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2152623314","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2312644126","https://openalex.org/W2514974145","https://openalex.org/W2527096828","https://openalex.org/W2574604252","https://openalex.org/W2581563413","https://openalex.org/W2607393862","https://openalex.org/W2608563095","https://openalex.org/W2646653257","https://openalex.org/W2744850424","https://openalex.org/W2789404404","https://openalex.org/W2791592219","https://openalex.org/W2803900399","https://openalex.org/W2903811385","https://openalex.org/W2919395001","https://openalex.org/W2921531865","https://openalex.org/W2936561631","https://openalex.org/W2954655771","https://openalex.org/W3025778436","https://openalex.org/W3138702084","https://openalex.org/W3164814257","https://openalex.org/W3165510422","https://openalex.org/W3198555190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3198555190","https://openalex.org/W2794228842","https://openalex.org/W3009381407","https://openalex.org/W2608563095","https://openalex.org/W4386094124","https://openalex.org/W3006713099","https://openalex.org/W7161866520","https://openalex.org/W4415674482","https://openalex.org/W6889074764","https://openalex.org/W252025798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trigger":[0,64],"warnings":[1,110,141],"are":[2,142],"written":[3],"or":[4],"oral":[5],"notifications":[6],"of":[7,16,45,71,117],"course":[8],"content":[9,47,97],"meant":[10],"to":[11,82,85,137,144],"provide":[12],"students":[13,84,145],"advance":[14],"notice":[15],"sensitive":[17],"material":[18,89],"that":[19,40],"may":[20],"produce":[21],"adverse":[22],"health":[23],"responses":[24],"and,":[25],"therefore,":[26],"inhibit":[27],"academic":[28,38],"performance.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31],"examined":[32],"trigger":[33,76,100,109,140],"warning":[34,65],"use":[35,66],"in":[36,92,105,113,125,146],"an":[37],"discipline":[39],"includes":[41],"a":[42,75,99,114],"substantial":[43],"amount":[44],"graphic":[46],"regarding":[48],"violence":[49],"and":[50,58,90,149],"victimization":[51],"using":[52],"survey":[53],"data":[54],"from":[55],"criminal":[56,147],"justice":[57,148],"criminology":[59,150],"faculty":[60,72],"(N":[61],"=":[62],"791).":[63],"was":[67,103],"widespread":[68],"\u2212":[69],"61.9%":[70],"had":[73,121],"used":[74,81,112],"warning.":[77,101],"They":[78],"were":[79,111],"largely":[80],"allow":[83],"prepare":[86],"for":[87],"upcoming":[88],"because":[91],"the":[93,96],"faculty\u2019s":[94],"judgment,":[95],"warranted":[98],"Use":[102],"highest":[104],"Victimology":[106],"courses,":[107],"but":[108],"wide":[115],"array":[116],"courses.":[118,151],"Most":[119],"faculties":[120],"not":[122],"changed":[123],"anything":[124],"their":[126],"teaching":[127],"over":[128],"concerns":[129],"about":[130],"potentially":[131],"triggering":[132],"material.":[133],"Research":[134],"is":[135],"needed":[136],"see":[138],"if":[139],"helpful":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2022-10-15T00:00:00"}