{"id":"https://openalex.org/W43056367","doi":null,"title":"Image formation in fundus cameras.","display_name":"Image formation in fundus cameras.","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W43056367","mag":"43056367","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/447462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:447462","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/447462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046200920","display_name":"Oleg Pomerantzeff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O Pomerantzeff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047441905","display_name":"Robert H. Webb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3904"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R H Webb","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113468659","display_name":"F C Delori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F C Delori","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84232564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"630","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.5605000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.5605000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.18240000307559967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14384","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Health Research","score":0.17470000684261322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus-camera","display_name":"fundus camera","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-formation","display_name":"image formation","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-lenses","display_name":"contact lenses","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrance-pupil","display_name":"entrance pupil","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystalline-lens","display_name":"crystalline lens","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angular-field-of-view","display_name":"angular field of view","score":0.8019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.7566683292388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.7328495979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6542532444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5712231397628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99954952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359518","display_name":"Entrance pupil","level":3,"score":0.5365645289421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986805488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23797","display_name":"Contact lens","level":2,"score":0.5330447554588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.5236853361129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908868075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144413","display_name":"Fundus camera","level":4,"score":0.4355148673057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.41892093420028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37212878465652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.3435266613960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837188","display_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","level":3,"score":0.33574891090393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.31441059708595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3084835410118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2919403910636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21900209784507751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009887","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019721","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:447462","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/447462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:43056367","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/447462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983744763","https://openalex.org/W2151349744","https://openalex.org/W4412695427","https://openalex.org/W2759887447","https://openalex.org/W3143697144","https://openalex.org/W14449297","https://openalex.org/W2322921774","https://openalex.org/W2887116128","https://openalex.org/W2912450462","https://openalex.org/W4383652179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Imaging":[0],"in":[1,111],"a":[2,67,76,97],"fundus":[3,18,62],"camera":[4],"depends":[5],"more":[6],"on":[7,13,71,118],"design":[8],"of":[9,15,37,52,69,89,107,136,139,146,151,159,163,169],"the":[10,16,23,30,34,38,46,53,61,72,86,90,93,102,108,119,122,133,137,143,147,157,160,167,170],"system":[11,110],"than":[12],"correction":[14],"first":[17,87],"image":[19,142],"as":[20],"formed":[21],"by":[22,65,121,156,166],"ophthalmoscopic":[24,39],"lens.":[25],"We":[26],"show":[27],"here":[28],"that":[29,127,141],"designer":[31],"may":[32],"use":[33],"free":[35],"parameters":[36],"lens":[40],"(contact":[41],"or":[42],"noncontact)":[43],"to":[44],"correct":[45],"latter":[47],"for":[48,83],"observation":[49,109],"and":[50,58,114,165],"illumination":[51],"fundus.":[54],"In":[55],"both":[56],"contact":[57],"noncontact":[59],"systems":[60],"is":[63,116],"illuminated":[64],"forming":[66],"ring":[68,98],"light":[70,94],"patient's":[73,123,171],"cornea":[74],"around":[75],"central":[77],"area":[78],"(the":[79],"corneal":[80],"window)":[81],"reserved":[82],"observation.":[84],"On":[85],"surface":[88],"crystalline":[91],"lens,":[92],"also":[95],"forms":[96],"which":[99,115],"must":[100],"accomodate":[101],"total":[103],"entrance":[104,134],"pupil":[105,135],"(TEP)":[106],"its":[112],"middle":[113],"limited":[117],"outside":[120],"iris.":[124],"The":[125,149],"restrictions":[126],"result":[128],"from":[129],"this":[130,152],"situation":[131],"define":[132],"bundle":[138,153],"rays":[140],"marginal":[144],"point":[145],"retina.":[148],"limits":[150],"are":[154],"imposed":[155],"choice":[158],"angular":[161],"field":[162],"view":[164],"size":[168],"pupil.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}