{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304813403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","title":"Effects of markedness in gender processing in Italian as a heritage language: A speed accuracy tradeoff","display_name":"Effects of markedness in gender processing in Italian as a heritage language: A speed accuracy tradeoff","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304813403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36312081","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9596986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088968246","display_name":"Grazia Di Pisa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5620-3515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5620-3515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Grazia Di Pisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080656722","display_name":"Maki Kubota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-1045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-1045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maki Kubota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Language and Culture, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Language and Culture, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589164","display_name":"Jason Rothman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5290-3055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5290-3055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020445194","display_name":"Universidad Nebrija","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzyrt94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["ES","NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Rothman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Language and Culture, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway","Department of Language and Education, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Language and Culture, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Language and Education, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084053269","display_name":"Theodoros Marinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-3141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-3141","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1976-4487"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros Marinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080656722","https://openalex.org/A5088968246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700","https://openalex.org/I78037679"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":3.7351,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93081374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"965885","last_page":"965885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.5849999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.5849999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.2992999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-gender","display_name":"grammatical gender","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markedness","display_name":"markedness","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritage-speakers","display_name":"heritage speakers","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjective-noun-agreement","display_name":"noun-adjective agreement","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-accuracy-trade-off","display_name":"speed-accuracy trade-off","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammaticality-judgment","display_name":"grammaticality judgment","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-time","display_name":"reading time","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-proficiency","display_name":"language proficiency","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-processing","display_name":"gender processing","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritage-language-acquisition","display_name":"heritage language acquisition","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776134746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897166","display_name":"Markedness","level":2,"score":0.9768433570861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779525943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187300","display_name":"Grammaticality","level":3,"score":0.8731104135513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7118604183197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6929342746734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.6673820614814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5277931094169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777683214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34698","display_name":"Adjective","level":3,"score":0.48703843355178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4796091318130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43042343854904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3912928104400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9596986","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9596986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36312081","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36312081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/58935","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-2-1rhzeos38hn783","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/ebdd9de1-612e-40f2-a96b-1752d16c516f/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology. Frontiers Research Foundation. 2022, 13, 965885. eISSN 1664-1078. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7fc02e0dde4f476581fa31607d7e9532","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7fc02e0dde4f476581fa31607d7e9532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 13 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:224045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/224045/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/27470","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10037/27470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965885/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1981291040","display_name":"The Multilingual Mind","funder_award_id":"765556","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4381411331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"765556","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316992","funder_display_name":"Troms\u00f8 Forskningsstiftelse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8863139238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A43484","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316992","funder_display_name":"Troms\u00f8 Forskningsstiftelse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316992","display_name":"Troms\u00f8 Forskningsstiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/04qc03j14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304813403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304813403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W401543752","https://openalex.org/W580361636","https://openalex.org/W646925302","https://openalex.org/W1779893736","https://openalex.org/W1813176671","https://openalex.org/W1857276638","https://openalex.org/W1927441866","https://openalex.org/W1942892980","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1977765754","https://openalex.org/W1978366370","https://openalex.org/W1979130077","https://openalex.org/W1985948723","https://openalex.org/W1987382382","https://openalex.org/W1990526545","https://openalex.org/W1993210651","https://openalex.org/W1997011521","https://openalex.org/W2061146185","https://openalex.org/W2062718236","https://openalex.org/W2065698071","https://openalex.org/W2068755022","https://openalex.org/W2080851252","https://openalex.org/W2096472269","https://openalex.org/W2105947786","https://openalex.org/W2113646895","https://openalex.org/W2123503050","https://openalex.org/W2125001590","https://openalex.org/W2129191002","https://openalex.org/W2135377534","https://openalex.org/W2136542798","https://openalex.org/W2144597460","https://openalex.org/W2144712589","https://openalex.org/W2147635761","https://openalex.org/W2154372415","https://openalex.org/W2159844731","https://openalex.org/W2488858144","https://openalex.org/W2498793324","https://openalex.org/W2510923541","https://openalex.org/W2584340837","https://openalex.org/W2594456685","https://openalex.org/W2605212071","https://openalex.org/W2785185112","https://openalex.org/W2786042569","https://openalex.org/W2802621229","https://openalex.org/W2804367789","https://openalex.org/W2808073845","https://openalex.org/W2883508645","https://openalex.org/W2890151738","https://openalex.org/W2892960508","https://openalex.org/W2897312833","https://openalex.org/W2913214285","https://openalex.org/W3037172714","https://openalex.org/W3094122850","https://openalex.org/W3096134401","https://openalex.org/W3097183317","https://openalex.org/W3105591899","https://openalex.org/W3127885501","https://openalex.org/W3212714979","https://openalex.org/W3214096979","https://openalex.org/W4211172557","https://openalex.org/W4213263656","https://openalex.org/W4231826137","https://openalex.org/W4231966648","https://openalex.org/W4235298171","https://openalex.org/W4240812123","https://openalex.org/W4254687493","https://openalex.org/W4285495107","https://openalex.org/W4296727684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135302439","https://openalex.org/W4401101200","https://openalex.org/W4392816267","https://openalex.org/W2068755022","https://openalex.org/W7080692779","https://openalex.org/W4417527444","https://openalex.org/W4380369888","https://openalex.org/W6940336121","https://openalex.org/W4405370676","https://openalex.org/W1813082266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examined":[2],"potential":[3],"sources":[4],"of":[5,13,126],"grammatical":[6,50,58],"gender":[7,143],"variability":[8],"in":[9,26,119,144,174],"heritage":[10],"speakers":[11,32],"(HSs)":[12],"Italian":[14,23,31],"with":[15,49,82],"a":[16,63,98,123,145,175],"focus":[17],"on":[18,115],"morphological":[19],"markedness.":[20,56],"Fifty-four":[21],"adult":[22],"HSs":[24,96,139,172],"living":[25],"Germany":[27],"and":[28,39,51,70,108,128,141],"40":[29],"homeland":[30,150],"completed":[33],"an":[34,40],"online":[35],"Self-Paced":[36],"Reading":[37],"Task":[38],"offline":[41],"Grammaticality":[42],"Judgment":[43],"Task.":[44],"Both":[45],"tasks":[46],"involved":[47],"sentences":[48,74,81],"ungrammatical":[52,86],"noun-adjective":[53],"agreement,":[54],"manipulating":[55],"In":[57,85],"sentences,":[59,87],"both":[60,89],"groups":[61,90],"showed":[62,97],"markedness":[64,99,166],"effect:":[65],"shorter":[66],"reading":[67],"times":[68],"(RTs)":[69],"higher":[71,109],"accuracy":[72,110,127],"for":[73,171],"containing":[75],"masculine":[76],"nouns":[77],"as":[78],"compared":[79],"to":[80,93,149,157],"feminine":[83,116],"nouns.":[84],"although":[88],"were":[91,113],"sensitive":[92],"ungrammaticality,":[94],"only":[95],"effect,":[100],"that":[101,138,159],"is,":[102],"they":[103],"had":[104],"significantly":[105],"longer":[106],"RTs":[107,129],"when":[111],"violations":[112],"realized":[114],"adjectives.":[117],"Proficiency":[118],"the":[120,131],"HL":[121],"was":[122],"significant":[124],"predictor":[125],"at":[130,160],"individual":[132],"level.":[133],"Taken":[134],"together,":[135],"results":[136],"indicate":[137],"acquire":[140],"process":[142],"qualitatively":[146],"similar":[147],"way":[148],"native":[151],"speakers.":[152],"However,":[153],"RT":[154],"evidence":[155],"seems":[156],"suggest":[158],"least":[161],"under":[162],"particular":[163],"experimental":[164],"methods,":[165],"considerations":[167],"are":[168],"more":[169],"prevalent":[170],"resulting":[173],"speed-accuracy":[176],"tradeoff.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-10-13T00:00:00"}