{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4302425201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","title":"Contagious Minorities: Chinese Canadians during the COVID-19 Pandemic","display_name":"Contagious Minorities: Chinese Canadians during the COVID-19 Pandemic","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4302425201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","pdf_url":"https://utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193055510","display_name":"Journal of Canadian Studies","issn_l":"0021-9495","issn":["0021-9495","1911-0251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Canadian Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002416248","display_name":"Chandrima Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-6214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-6214"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chandrima Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002416248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5129,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90309864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"393","last_page":"409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.6474999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.6474999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12219","display_name":"Canadian Identity and History","score":0.1655000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12323","display_name":"Asian American and Pacific Histories","score":0.05999999865889549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-canadians","display_name":"Chinese Canadians","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-asian-racism","display_name":"anti-Asian racism","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-violence","display_name":"racial violence","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiculturalism-policy","display_name":"multicultural policy","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-racism","display_name":"institutional racism","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-racism","display_name":"structural racism","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-representation","display_name":"media representation","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-racism","display_name":"colonial racism","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-identity","display_name":"national identity","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.7295924425125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542530943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Multiculturalism","level":2,"score":0.6924801468849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.6446805000305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5347558259963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5015311241149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4852730929851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48512133955955505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.4770894944667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.47626087069511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111141941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218719","display_name":"Immigration policy","level":3,"score":0.4668608009815216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017937568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146100","display_name":"Chinese americans","level":3,"score":0.4194057285785675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.35527539253234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.22925975918769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19223693013191223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","pdf_url":"https://utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193055510","display_name":"Journal of Canadian Studies","issn_l":"0021-9495","issn":["0021-9495","1911-0251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Canadian Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/873276","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/50/article/873276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017","pdf_url":"https://utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/jcs-2022-0017?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193055510","display_name":"Journal of Canadian Studies","issn_l":"0021-9495","issn":["0021-9495","1911-0251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Canadian Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4302425201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4302425201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W214318907","https://openalex.org/W649854337","https://openalex.org/W1523529861","https://openalex.org/W1601714811","https://openalex.org/W2056178449","https://openalex.org/W2073144276","https://openalex.org/W2082195007","https://openalex.org/W2107686796","https://openalex.org/W2144237613","https://openalex.org/W2889193630","https://openalex.org/W2970768616","https://openalex.org/W3004451565","https://openalex.org/W4289259803","https://openalex.org/W4391863192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548842204","https://openalex.org/W2334096302","https://openalex.org/W2377809412","https://openalex.org/W3123622252","https://openalex.org/W1989609903","https://openalex.org/W4388069222","https://openalex.org/W2578478735","https://openalex.org/W3121989693","https://openalex.org/W2791778119","https://openalex.org/W2056758751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,52,56,91,119,123,135,143,155,162,186,190,202,215,223,226,234,238,244,248,261,266],"COVID-19":[2,217,245],"pandemic,":[3],"Canada":[4,109],"has":[5],"witnessed":[6],"a":[7,150,197],"sharp":[8],"increase":[9],"in":[10,17,107,110,133,153,167,196,240,247,255,276,288],"racial":[11,96,228],"violence":[12],"against":[13],"Chinese":[14,64,82,127,203,231],"Canadians,":[15],"and,":[16],"an":[18,130],"undifferentiated":[19],"racism,":[20],"other":[21],"Asian":[22,44],"Canadians":[23,65,232],"have":[24],"been":[25],"seen":[26],"as":[27,31,129],"bearers":[28],"of":[29,38,43,49,58,95,122,138,145,164,252,269,283],"disease":[30],"well,":[32],"which":[33],"often":[34],"made":[35],"them":[36],"targets":[37],"racism.":[39],"The":[40],"quick":[41],"transformation":[42],"minority":[45],"groups":[46],"into":[47],"threats":[48],"contagion":[50],"during":[51,214,222,243],"pandemic":[53,224,246],"points":[54,157],"to":[55,100,263,271,274],"persistence":[57],"latent":[59],"fears":[60],"and":[61,71,104,115,189,290],"anxieties":[62],"about":[63,80,265],"across":[66,185],"generational":[67],"differences,":[68],"immigration":[69,156,192],"status,":[70],"national":[72,174,205],"origin.":[73],"This":[74],"essay":[75,258],"reflects":[76],"on":[77,126],"how":[78],"knowledges":[79],"early":[81],"newcomers":[83],"that":[84,98,200,280],"were":[85],"generated":[86],"by":[87,141],"colonial":[88],"administrators":[89],"laid":[90],"foundations":[92],"for":[93,210,260],"modes":[94],"governance":[97],"continue":[99],"inform":[101],"public":[102,105],"policy":[103,166],"discourse":[106],"multicultural":[108],"ways":[111],"at":[112],"once":[113],"familiar":[114],"new.":[116],"It":[117],"examines":[118],"1885":[120,187],"Report":[121,188],"Royal":[124],"Commission":[125],"Immigration":[128],"important":[131],"tool":[132],"reinforcing":[134],"political":[136],"goal":[137],"\u201cwhite":[139],"Canada\u201d":[140],"strengthening":[142],"power":[144],"European":[146],"colonists.":[147],"Less":[148],"than":[149,181],"century":[151],"later,":[152],"1967,":[154],"system":[158],"was":[159],"introduced,":[160],"preceding":[161],"adoption":[163],"multiculturalism":[165,284],"1971,":[168],"both":[169],"breaking":[170],"with":[171],"explicitly":[172],"racist":[173],"policies.":[175],"Yet":[176],"there":[177,182],"is":[178],"more":[179],"continuity":[180],"are":[183],"differences":[184],"1967":[191],"policy.":[193],"Both":[194],"participate":[195],"historical":[198,250,267],"narrative":[199],"excludes":[201],"from":[204,233],"imagining,":[206],"laying":[207],"fertile":[208],"ground":[209],"contemporary":[211],"anti-Chinese":[212],"racisms":[213],"recent":[216],"pandemic.":[218],"Contemporary":[219],"media":[220],"narratives":[221],"reproduce":[225],"same":[227],"hierarchies,":[229],"excluding":[230],"nation.":[235],"By":[236],"placing":[237],"rise":[239],"anti-Asian":[241],"racism":[242,254,270,278],"long":[249],"trajectory":[251],"institutional":[253],"Canada,":[256],"this":[257],"argues":[259],"need":[262],"learn":[264],"legacies":[268],"be":[272,286],"able":[273],"intervene":[275],"structural":[277],"so":[279],"Canada\u2019s":[281],"promise":[282],"can":[285],"grounded":[287],"justice":[289],"equity.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}