{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4302010907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","title":"Social and private activity after retirement\u2014substitutes or complements","display_name":"Social and private activity after retirement\u2014substitutes or complements","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4302010907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36199027","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9535947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14643628","display_name":"BMC Geriatrics","issn_l":"1471-2318","issn":["1471-2318"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Geriatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085670217","display_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Kalbarczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-1947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-1947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Kalbarczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, D\u0142uga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9431-1947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, D\u0142uga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014365278","display_name":"Beata \u0141opaciuk-Gonczaryk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-6565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-6565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beata \u0141opaciuk-Gonczaryk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, D\u0142uga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland. bgonczaryk@wne.uw.edu.pl","Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, D\u0142uga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-6565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, D\u0142uga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland. bgonczaryk@wne.uw.edu.pl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, D\u0142uga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014365278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":3.7549,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93547818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"781","last_page":"781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.050200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13695","display_name":"Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement","display_name":"retirement","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-retirement-activities","display_name":"post-retirement activities","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-engagement","display_name":"social engagement","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-support","display_name":"informal support","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leisure","display_name":"leisure","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-development-activities","display_name":"self-development activities","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding-out","display_name":"crowding out","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteering","display_name":"volunteering","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/well-being","display_name":"well-being","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.5797678232192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4246736466884613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776974102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677539","display_name":"Active ageing","level":3,"score":0.4209347665309906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.41301190853118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9701087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283504","display_name":"Social engagement","level":2,"score":0.41213175654411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.41165193915367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41012465953826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3513491153717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3414834141731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2097553312778473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19014590978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019887659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191089","display_name":"Older people","level":2,"score":0.15966665744781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007899","descriptor_name":"Leisure Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012179","descriptor_name":"Retirement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014838","descriptor_name":"Volunteers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14643628","display_name":"BMC Geriatrics","issn_l":"1471-2318","issn":["1471-2318"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Geriatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9535947","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9535947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Geriatr","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36199027","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36199027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC geriatrics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repozytorium.uw.edu.pl:item/120088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl//handle/item/120088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064745","display_name":"ReIn UW (University of Warsaw)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","host_organization_name":"University of Warsaw","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:827b10bc694541b9b26453918a1dd80f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/827b10bc694541b9b26453918a1dd80f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Geriatrics, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12877-022-03464-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14643628","display_name":"BMC Geriatrics","issn_l":"1471-2318","issn":["1471-2318"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Geriatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2163205999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016/21/D/HS4/00705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322650","display_name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4302010907.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4302010907.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534366298","https://openalex.org/W1557081094","https://openalex.org/W1964345046","https://openalex.org/W1984227402","https://openalex.org/W2004225430","https://openalex.org/W2015536561","https://openalex.org/W2040318668","https://openalex.org/W2044478807","https://openalex.org/W2068959754","https://openalex.org/W2073173608","https://openalex.org/W2085192884","https://openalex.org/W2101082759","https://openalex.org/W2104055725","https://openalex.org/W2106722749","https://openalex.org/W2110293910","https://openalex.org/W2120349889","https://openalex.org/W2122900860","https://openalex.org/W2126797273","https://openalex.org/W2132146100","https://openalex.org/W2132582362","https://openalex.org/W2135567065","https://openalex.org/W2139754216","https://openalex.org/W2142504011","https://openalex.org/W2145636266","https://openalex.org/W2146254527","https://openalex.org/W2146730479","https://openalex.org/W2147414719","https://openalex.org/W2147728065","https://openalex.org/W2148902333","https://openalex.org/W2150183005","https://openalex.org/W2158025474","https://openalex.org/W2160805157","https://openalex.org/W2166750913","https://openalex.org/W2168498116","https://openalex.org/W2169720891","https://openalex.org/W2170292597","https://openalex.org/W2199723576","https://openalex.org/W2318111699","https://openalex.org/W2330575906","https://openalex.org/W2416341944","https://openalex.org/W2495061352","https://openalex.org/W2528250482","https://openalex.org/W2557104867","https://openalex.org/W2797476377","https://openalex.org/W2803056285","https://openalex.org/W2898139840","https://openalex.org/W2920824474","https://openalex.org/W2945700328","https://openalex.org/W2949601300","https://openalex.org/W2950492128","https://openalex.org/W2960834021","https://openalex.org/W3021608427","https://openalex.org/W3022808291","https://openalex.org/W3049116899","https://openalex.org/W3140918644","https://openalex.org/W4230691688","https://openalex.org/W4299574607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383186729","https://openalex.org/W1556045488","https://openalex.org/W1943415542","https://openalex.org/W2802374198","https://openalex.org/W7154910697","https://openalex.org/W2594079278","https://openalex.org/W7043475926","https://openalex.org/W656379617","https://openalex.org/W2575783710","https://openalex.org/W3049116899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Commonly":[1],"observed":[2],"low":[3],"activity":[4,57,133,153,224,287,296],"of":[5,42,97,110,112,148,156,200,232,258,261,300,305,314],"older":[6,315],"adults":[7,316],"harms":[8],"their":[9,178,275],"well-being.":[10],"We":[11,101,129,160,194,227],"perceive":[12],"the":[13,40,46,77,103,138,141,152,162,167,189,212,291,310,319,328,333],"retirement":[14,135,204,289],"as":[15],"a":[16,36],"new":[17,31,280],"opening":[18],"that":[19,197,236],"could":[20],"be":[21,35,318],"utilized":[22],"to":[23,266,274,277,293,336],"fulfill":[24],"previously":[25],"neglected":[26],"needs":[27,332],"and":[28,49,85,107,115,136,150,154,165,250,325],"involve":[29,337],"in":[30,56,117,126,132,180,216,221,225,247,279,286,338],"activities.":[32,281,340],"They":[33],"can":[34],"remedy":[37],"for":[38,230,322],"losing":[39],"sense":[41],"life":[43],"while":[44],"changing":[45],"social":[47,70,158,233,242,323],"role":[48],"getting":[50],"older.":[51],"This":[52],"study":[53],"explores":[54],"trends":[55,131],"over":[58,134],"retirement.":[59,184],"In":[60],"particular,":[61],"it":[62],"verifies":[63],"if":[64],"different":[65,146,181,198,303],"post-retirement":[66,306],"activities:":[67],"1)":[68],"formal":[69],"engagement;":[71],"2)":[72],"informal":[73],"help":[74],"given":[75],"outside":[76],"household;":[78],"3)":[79],"solitary":[80,259],"leisure":[81,88],"or":[82,89,95],"self-development":[83,90],"activities,":[84],"4)":[86],"sociable":[87,252],"activities":[91,149,182,201,249,307],"are":[92,308],"mutually":[93],"exclusive":[94],"supportive":[96],"each":[98,209],"other.":[99,210],"METHODS:":[100],"use":[102],"data":[104],"from":[105],"4":[106],"6th":[108],"wave":[109],"Survey":[111],"Health,":[113],"Ageing":[114],"Retirement":[116],"Europe,":[118],"taking":[119],"into":[120,145],"consideration":[121],"2757":[122],"respondents":[123],"who":[124,187],"participated":[125],"both":[127],"waves.":[128],"analyze":[130],"verify":[137],"hypotheses":[139],"regarding":[140],"relationships":[142,243],"between":[143,151],"engaging":[144],"types":[147,199,304],"development":[155],"personal":[157],"networks.":[159],"conduct":[161],"descriptive":[163],"analysis":[164],"utilize":[166],"Generalized":[168],"Structural":[169],"Equation":[170],"Model.":[171],"RESULTS:":[172],"Most":[173],"people":[174,271],"do":[175,205],"not":[176,206],"change":[177,285],"involvement":[179],"after":[183,203,288],"Among":[185],"those":[186],"change,":[188],"average":[190],"trend":[191],"is":[192],"upward.":[193],"find":[195],"support":[196,335],"undertaken":[202],"crowd":[207],"out":[208],"On":[211],"contrary,":[213],"being":[214],"active":[215,312,330],"one":[217],"sphere":[218],"goes":[219],"hand":[220,222],"with":[223,245,256,269],"another.":[226],"give":[228],"evidence":[229],"presence":[231],"network":[234],"mechanisms":[235],"enhance":[237],"such":[238],"understood":[239],"complementarity.":[240],"Maintaining":[241],"correlates":[244],"engagement":[246,324],"socially-oriented":[248],"privately-oriented":[251],"pastimes.":[253],"Being":[254],"active,":[255],"exception":[257],"forms":[260],"recreation,":[262],"creates":[263],"an":[264],"opportunity":[265],"foster":[267],"relations":[268],"other":[270],"and,":[272],"thanks":[273],"encouragement,":[276],"engage":[278],"CONCLUSIONS:":[282],"The":[283],"small":[284],"signifies":[290],"need":[292],"encourage":[294],"non-work":[295],"during":[297],"earlier":[298],"stages":[299],"life.":[301],"As":[302],"complementary,":[309],"most":[311,320],"group":[313,331],"would":[317],"open":[321],"volunteering,":[326],"however":[327],"least":[329],"biggest":[334],"any":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-10-06T00:00:00"}
