{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4300974275","doi":null,"title":"Ecological Aspects of Stability in Polycultures Versus Sets of Monocultures of Annual Crops (Intercrop, Risk, Variation).","display_name":"Ecological Aspects of Stability in Polycultures Versus Sets of Monocultures of Annual Crops (Intercrop, Risk, Variation).","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4300974275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/160221","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/160221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087570713","display_name":"Brian Buettner Schultz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Schultz, Brian Buettner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087570713"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13009","display_name":"Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyculture","display_name":"polyculture","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monoculture","display_name":"monoculture","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-yield-variability","display_name":"crop yield variability","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-variation","display_name":"coefficient of variation","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-competition","display_name":"crop competition","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercropping","display_name":"intercropping","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levene-s-test","display_name":"Levene's test","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-variability","display_name":"environmental variability","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-pests","display_name":"crop pests","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato","display_name":"tomato","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cucumber","display_name":"cucumber","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrot","display_name":"carrot","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beans","display_name":"beans","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-returns","display_name":"economic returns","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"land use","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68701300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739133","display_name":"Polyculture","level":4,"score":0.8682334423065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157005057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220212","display_name":"Monoculture","level":2,"score":0.8257585763931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5920869708061218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781208722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853859","display_name":"Intercropping","level":2,"score":0.4683750569820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4402817189693451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.42660921812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4031252861022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3934289515018463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.33827435970306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.15903273224830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86909935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188989","display_name":"Aquaculture","level":3,"score":0.11212381720542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.06863075494766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/160221","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/160221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2335028831","https://openalex.org/W2760308213","https://openalex.org/W1969265504","https://openalex.org/W2757324392","https://openalex.org/W2331095181","https://openalex.org/W2774369407","https://openalex.org/W144903419","https://openalex.org/W7154081178","https://openalex.org/W4385187919","https://openalex.org/W1596469266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relative":[0],"variation":[1,178,292],"(as":[2],"expressed":[3],"by":[4,170,316],"the":[5,24,56,83,88,91,96,100,123,135,148,180,187],"coefficient":[6],"of":[7,16,21,23,43,58,82,90,120,125,145,162,176,190,195,204,280,287],"variation)":[8],"in":[9,14,29,33,68,106,112,157,221,251,253,265],"yields":[10],"or":[11,228,314],"economic":[12],"returns,":[13],"polycultures":[15,35,113,194,272],"annual":[17],"crops":[18,60,238],"versus":[19,114],"sets":[20,161],"monocultures":[22,115],"same":[25],"species,":[26],"was":[27,48,94,215,230],"studied":[28],"theoretical":[30],"models":[31],"and":[32,99,127,132,199,203,208,293],"experimental":[34,193],"grown":[36],"near":[37],"Ann":[38],"Arbor,":[39],"Michigan.":[40],"The":[41],"risk":[42,294],"obtaining":[44],"disastrously":[45],"low":[46],"values":[47],"also":[49,310],"discussed.":[50,283],"Methods":[51],"were":[52,239,247],"developed":[53],"for":[54,73,103,165,290],"finding":[55],"combination":[57],"monoculture":[59],"that":[61,87,150],"should":[62,258],"be":[63,261],"least":[64],"variable":[65,219,242],"(minimum":[66],"CV)":[67],"total":[69],"value":[70],"(combined":[71],"yields),":[72],"comparison":[74],"as":[75,225,243,276,278],"an":[76],"alternative":[77],"to":[78,129,141,154,160,185,260,300],"polycultures.":[79,191],"A":[80],"review":[81],"statistical":[84],"literature":[85],"showed":[86],"use":[89],"median-Levene's":[92],"test":[93,102],"both":[95],"most":[97],"appropriate":[98],"simplest":[101],"significant":[104,232],"differences":[105,250],"variation.":[107],"Biological":[108],"factors":[109],"affecting":[110],"stability":[111,156,189],"are":[116,139,282,295],"discussed,":[117],"including":[118],"effects":[119,144,175,269],"crop":[121,167,181,213],"pests,":[122],"area":[124],"l":[126],"devoted":[128],"each":[130,166,212],"system,":[131],"competition":[133,151,257],"between":[134,174,234],"polyculture":[136,223],"crops.":[137],"Models":[138],"used":[140],"explore":[142],"potential":[143],"competition,":[146],"with":[147],"conclusion":[149],"will":[152,298],"tend":[153,259,299],"reduce":[155,186],"polycultures,":[158,266],"relative":[159,188],"monocultures,":[163],"especially":[164],"species":[168,182,214],"considered":[169],"itself.":[171],"Negative":[172],"correlation":[173],"environmental":[177],"on":[179],"is":[183],"expected":[184],"In":[192],"tomatoes":[196],"(Lycopersicon":[197],"esculentum)":[198],"cucumbers":[200],"(Cucumis":[201],"sativus)":[202],"carrots":[205],"(Daucus":[206],"carota)":[207],"beans":[209],"(Phaseolus":[210],"vulgaris),":[211],"either":[216],"significantly":[217,240],"more":[218,241,304],"when":[220],"a":[222,226,244,262],"than":[224,305],"monoculture;":[227],"there":[229],"no":[231,248],"difference":[233],"cropping":[235],"systems.":[236],"No":[237],"monoculture.":[245],"There":[246],"consistent":[249],"variability":[252],"combined":[254],"yields.":[255],"Thus":[256],"destabilizing":[263],"factor":[264],"although":[267],"other":[268],"which":[270],"stabilize":[271],"may":[273],"occur.":[274],"Advantages":[275],"well":[277],"disadvantages":[279],"variations":[281],"Finally,":[284],"sociopolitical":[285],"implications":[286],"technological":[288],"solutions":[289],"reducing":[291],"examined.":[296],"Stability":[297],"benefit":[301],"smaller":[302],"producers":[303],"larger":[306],"ones,":[307],"but":[308],"can":[309],"invite":[311],"outside":[312],"control":[313],"acquisition":[315],"large":[317],"investors.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T06:03:36.439944","created_date":"2022-10-04T00:00:00"}