{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4300829795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00518","title":"Calibration","display_name":"Calibration","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4300829795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/posc_a_00518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126715266","display_name":"Perspectives on Science","issn_l":"1063-6145","issn":["1063-6145","1530-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives on Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074941901","display_name":"Allan Franklin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Allan Franklin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Colorado","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074941901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96630244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.46000000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.46000000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.19460000097751617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.08560000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"calibration","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-signals","display_name":"surrogate signals","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrument-standardization","display_name":"instrument standardization","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-validity","display_name":"experimental validity","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-physics","display_name":"history of physics","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-waves","display_name":"gravitational waves","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/17-kev-neutrino","display_name":"17 keV neutrino","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-force","display_name":"fifth force","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-confirmation","display_name":"experimental confirmation","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7786251306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5673692226409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4614938497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3930530548095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39094966650009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.36960703134536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.33765512704849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08512768149375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07465130090713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/posc_a_00518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126715266","display_name":"Perspectives on Science","issn_l":"1063-6145","issn":["1063-6145","1530-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives on Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575391563","https://openalex.org/W1618542723","https://openalex.org/W1985452071","https://openalex.org/W1995584825","https://openalex.org/W2021773371","https://openalex.org/W2027491268","https://openalex.org/W2037169065","https://openalex.org/W2040104192","https://openalex.org/W2043413557","https://openalex.org/W2061920291","https://openalex.org/W2069266119","https://openalex.org/W2082342571","https://openalex.org/W2090960029","https://openalex.org/W2153092827","https://openalex.org/W2547311611","https://openalex.org/W3041990165","https://openalex.org/W3129775901","https://openalex.org/W3143603514","https://openalex.org/W4210290871","https://openalex.org/W4231859629","https://openalex.org/W4235290022","https://openalex.org/W4243123773","https://openalex.org/W4244856601","https://openalex.org/W4295093785","https://openalex.org/W4298155841","https://openalex.org/W6640609270","https://openalex.org/W6647073326","https://openalex.org/W6649555091","https://openalex.org/W6651935382","https://openalex.org/W6663450267","https://openalex.org/W6665764747","https://openalex.org/W6666441856","https://openalex.org/W6666549689","https://openalex.org/W6666557781","https://openalex.org/W6666701520","https://openalex.org/W6666777709","https://openalex.org/W6671363203","https://openalex.org/W6674746331","https://openalex.org/W6680881866","https://openalex.org/W6733164023","https://openalex.org/W6780364188","https://openalex.org/W6791154332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W808115904","https://openalex.org/W6987530863","https://openalex.org/W1687315706","https://openalex.org/W1994778704","https://openalex.org/W2504320043","https://openalex.org/W2467164655","https://openalex.org/W2617161810","https://openalex.org/W2171824889","https://openalex.org/W2064360592","https://openalex.org/W2054283188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Calibration,":[0],"the":[1,16,19,38,41,51,73,76,83,86,102],"use":[2],"of":[3,18,21,33,40,53,61,75,78,85,88,104],"a":[4,79,89],"surrogate":[5],"signal":[6],"to":[7,58,69],"standardize":[8],"an":[9,12,22,107],"instrument,":[10],"is":[11,55],"important":[13],"strategy":[14],"for":[15],"establishment":[17],"validity":[20],"experimental":[23],"result.":[24],"In":[25,43],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"I":[28,45,94],"present":[29],"several":[30,47],"examples,":[31],"typical":[32],"physics":[34],"experiments,":[35],"that":[36,96],"illustrate":[37],"adequacy":[39,103],"surrogate.":[42],"addition,":[44],"discuss":[46],"episodes":[48,65],"in":[49,92,97,106],"which":[50],"question":[52,74,84],"calibration":[54],"both":[56,111],"difficult":[57],"answer":[59],"and":[60,82,113],"paramount":[62],"importance.":[63],"These":[64],"include":[66],"early":[67],"attempts":[68],"detect":[70],"gravity":[71],"waves,":[72],"existence":[77,87],"17\u2013keV":[80],"neutrino,":[81],"Fifth":[90],"Force":[91],"gravity.":[93],"argue":[95],"these":[98],"more":[99],"complex":[100],"cases,":[101],"calibration,":[105],"extended":[108],"sense,":[109],"was":[110],"considered":[112],"established.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-10-04T00:00:00"}
