{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4300529822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/36.1.67","title":"Stigma Management and Gay Identity Development","display_name":"Stigma Management and Gay Identity Development","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4300529822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/36.1.67","mag":"1915478913","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1998131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/sw/36.1.67","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/36.1.67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/36.1.67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S961603","display_name":"Social Work","issn_l":"0037-8046","issn":["0037-8046","1545-6846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049707251","display_name":"Roy Cain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roy Cain, PhD","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University, School of Social Work, Hamilton, Ontario L85 4M2"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University, School of Social Work, Hamilton, Ontario L85 4M2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049707251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":199,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90527671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma-management","display_name":"stigma management","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"secrecy","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gay-men","display_name":"gay men","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-identity-development","display_name":"sexual identity development","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.8761152029037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.7127793431282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.6623096466064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776001192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6636","display_name":"Homosexuality","level":2,"score":0.6341763138771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.6263612508773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6094900965690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.576016366481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776307086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165905","display_name":"Sexual identity","level":3,"score":0.5403805375099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5376599431037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778288042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1723368","display_name":"Closet","level":2,"score":0.4618467688560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53813258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154136","display_name":"Human sexuality","level":2,"score":0.4518510699272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892912","display_name":"Self-disclosure","level":2,"score":0.44679170846939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.4123848080635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27006006240844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.16865384578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.12884268164634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11207294464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.08586859703063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006716","descriptor_name":"Homosexuality","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007062","descriptor_name":"Identification, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012938","descriptor_name":"Social Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014342","descriptor_name":"Truth Disclosure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/sw/36.1.67","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/36.1.67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/36.1.67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S961603","display_name":"Social Work","issn_l":"0037-8046","issn":["0037-8046","1545-6846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1998131","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1998131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social work","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/844619","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Stigma+Management+and+Gay+Identity+Development&title=SOCIAL+WORK+&volume=36&issue=1&spage=1991&date=1991-01&au=Cain,+Roy","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:104534","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:1915478913","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1998131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W415777263","https://openalex.org/W1496805109","https://openalex.org/W1522671860","https://openalex.org/W1601314759","https://openalex.org/W1882637510","https://openalex.org/W1925373934","https://openalex.org/W1966178635","https://openalex.org/W1967202333","https://openalex.org/W1971739673","https://openalex.org/W1983558622","https://openalex.org/W1985936457","https://openalex.org/W2003184352","https://openalex.org/W2003231244","https://openalex.org/W2007854762","https://openalex.org/W2022768097","https://openalex.org/W2085081981","https://openalex.org/W2111610306","https://openalex.org/W2316664526","https://openalex.org/W2799256297","https://openalex.org/W2955523862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7027849850","https://openalex.org/W2903328475","https://openalex.org/W2885618645","https://openalex.org/W2030705138","https://openalex.org/W116357929","https://openalex.org/W2948326993","https://openalex.org/W579692551","https://openalex.org/W2973078959","https://openalex.org/W312022228","https://openalex.org/W7055946478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disclosure":[0],"of":[1,22,47,67,87,113,117],"homosexuality":[2],"is":[3,17,81],"now":[4],"generally":[5],"viewed":[6,33],"in":[7,51],"the":[8,84,94,99],"professional":[9],"literature":[10],"as":[11,20,34],"more":[12],"desirable":[13],"than":[14],"secrecy;":[15],"disclosure":[16,59,118],"often":[18],"seen":[19],"evidence":[21],"a":[23,65],"healthy":[24],"gay":[25,49,77,101],"identity,":[26],"whereas":[27],"secrecy":[28,61,120],"has":[29],"come":[30],"to":[31,64,91],"be":[32],"socially":[35],"and":[36,60,69,110,119],"psychologically":[37],"problematic.":[38],"By":[39],"drawing":[40],"on":[41],"data":[42],"from":[43,76],"an":[44],"interview":[45],"study":[46],"38":[48],"men":[50,102],"Montreal,":[52],"this":[53],"article":[54],"shows":[55],"that":[56,72,83,97],"decisions":[57],"concerning":[58,105],"are":[62,73,121],"related":[63],"variety":[66],"situational":[68],"relational":[70],"factors":[71,96],"largely":[74],"distinct":[75],"identity":[78,88],"development.":[79],"It":[80],"argued":[82],"new":[85,114],"models":[86],"formation":[89],"fail":[90],"recognize":[92],"adequately":[93],"social":[95],"shape":[98],"ways":[100],"manage":[103],"information":[104],"their":[106],"sexual":[107],"preferences.":[108],"Conceptual":[109],"clinical":[111],"implications":[112],"normative":[115],"views":[116],"discussed.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-10-03T00:00:00"}