{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4299819088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.01637","title":"Comparative Analysis of State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Models for Detecting COVID-19 Lung Infection from Chest X-Ray Images","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Models for Detecting COVID-19 Lung Infection from Chest X-Ray Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4299819088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.01637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.01637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01637","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.01637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.01637","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028193999","display_name":"Zeba Ghaffar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6174-4965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6174-4965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghaffar, Zeba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Islamanad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Islamanad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037493401","display_name":"Pir Masoom Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7897-7346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7897-7346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shah, Pir Masoom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Bacha Khan University Charsadda , KPK , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Bacha Khan University Charsadda , KPK , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073826651","display_name":"Hikmat Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-6652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-6652","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7376-7880"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khan, Hikmat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Islamanad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Islamanad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040762661","display_name":"Syed Farhan Alam Zaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-290X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-290X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaidi, Syed Farhan Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091401182","display_name":"Abdullah Gani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-020X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-020X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gani, Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia","Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia Sabah , Labuan , Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia Sabah , Labuan , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065803441","display_name":"Izaz Ahmad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-354X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-354X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khan, Izaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Bacha Khan University Charsadda , KPK , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Bacha Khan University Charsadda , KPK , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022535739","display_name":"Munam Ali Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305695959","display_name":"Bacha Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an6vg71","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shah, Munam Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Bacha Khan University Charsadda , KPK , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Bacha Khan University Charsadda , KPK , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305695959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035335908","display_name":"Saif ul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-4195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-4195"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Islam, Saif ul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Institute of Space Technology Islamabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Institute of Space Technology Islamabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2-detection","display_name":"COVID-19 detection","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-x-ray-images","display_name":"chest X-ray images","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"deep convolutional neural networks","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobilenet","display_name":"MobileNet","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficientnet","display_name":"EfficientNet","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inception-v3","display_name":"InceptionV3","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-diagnosis","display_name":"automated diagnosis","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-comparison","display_name":"model comparison","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7589629292488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7177556753158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7040715217590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5826368927955627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5730844736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.485573947429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.4677591025829315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44612613320350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4038841426372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3753148913383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.1862255334854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.18592020869255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.07404983043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.01637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01637","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.01637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2208.01637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.01637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.01637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.01637","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01637","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.01637","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4299819088.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4299819088.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1664573881","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2945415576","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2963039693","https://openalex.org/W2988916019","https://openalex.org/W2998718632","https://openalex.org/W3005724337","https://openalex.org/W3013019084","https://openalex.org/W3013277995","https://openalex.org/W3013564598","https://openalex.org/W3014322576","https://openalex.org/W3014890122","https://openalex.org/W3015021600","https://openalex.org/W3015870486","https://openalex.org/W3015984951","https://openalex.org/W3016512554","https://openalex.org/W3016930846","https://openalex.org/W3017744567","https://openalex.org/W3020923611","https://openalex.org/W3030520226","https://openalex.org/W3031327998","https://openalex.org/W3104951425","https://openalex.org/W3108672867","https://openalex.org/W3121339497","https://openalex.org/W3144035815","https://openalex.org/W4287817618","https://openalex.org/W4287827904","https://openalex.org/W4394642372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110110197","https://openalex.org/W3091978650","https://openalex.org/W7112961848","https://openalex.org/W6926208254","https://openalex.org/W4389961410","https://openalex.org/W6930841161","https://openalex.org/W3198214205","https://openalex.org/W4323059950","https://openalex.org/W3092076705","https://openalex.org/W4285253198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ongoing":[1],"COVID-19":[2,17,93,135,161,184],"pandemic":[3],"has":[4],"already":[5],"taken":[6],"millions":[7],"of":[8,37,79,105,110,153,183],"lives":[9],"and":[10,19,35,47,64,120,146,156,173,181],"damaged":[11],"economies":[12],"across":[13],"the":[14,32,50,70,77,80,115,134,178],"globe.":[15],"Most":[16],"deaths":[18],"economic":[20],"losses":[21],"are":[22,58],"reported":[23],"from":[24],"densely":[25],"crowded":[26],"cities.":[27],"It":[28],"is":[29,41,49],"comprehensible":[30],"that":[31],"effective":[33,116],"control":[34,54,119],"prevention":[36],"epidemic/pandemic":[38],"infectious":[39,122],"diseases":[40],"vital.":[42],"According":[43],"to":[44,53,60,67,118,175],"WHO,":[45],"testing":[46,71],"diagnosis":[48],"best":[51],"strategy":[52],"pandemics.":[55],"Scientists":[56],"worldwide":[57],"attempting":[59],"develop":[61],"various":[62],"innovative":[63],"cost-efficient":[65],"methods":[66],"speed":[68,176],"up":[69,177],"process.":[72],"This":[73,112],"paper":[74],"comprehensively":[75],"evaluates":[76],"applicability":[78],"recent":[81],"top":[82],"ten":[83],"state-of-the-art":[84],"Deep":[85],"Convolutional":[86],"Neural":[87],"Networks":[88],"(CNNs)":[89],"for":[90,160,170],"automatically":[91],"detecting":[92],"infection":[94],"using":[95],"chest":[96,137],"X-ray":[97],"images.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"it":[100,166],"provides":[101],"a":[102,149],"comparative":[103],"analysis":[104],"these":[106],"models":[107,127,143],"in":[108,132],"terms":[109],"accuracy.":[111],"study":[113],"identifies":[114],"methodologies":[117],"prevent":[121],"respiratory":[123],"diseases.":[124],"Our":[125],"trained":[126,142],"have":[128],"demonstrated":[129],"outstanding":[130],"results":[131],"classifying":[133],"infected":[136],"x-rays.":[138],"In":[139],"particular,":[140],"our":[141],"MobileNet,":[144],"EfficentNet,":[145],"InceptionV3":[147],"achieved":[148],"classification":[150],"average":[151],"accuracy":[152],"95\\%,":[154,155],"94\\%":[157],"test":[158],"set":[159],"class":[162],"classification,":[163],"respectively.":[164],"Thus,":[165],"can":[167],"be":[168],"beneficial":[169],"clinical":[171],"practitioners":[172],"radiologists":[174],"testing,":[179],"detection,":[180],"follow-up":[182],"cases.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-10-03T00:00:00"}