{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4299606972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","title":"Debt and Financial Vulnerability on the Verge of Retirement","display_name":"Debt and Financial Vulnerability on the Verge of Retirement","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4299606972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w23664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057673396","display_name":"Annamaria Lusardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-7489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-7489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330701686","display_name":"Collegio Carlo Alberto","ror":"https://ror.org/0397knh37","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330701686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annamaria Lusardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University School of Business 2201 G Street , NW Duques Hall , Suite 450E Washington , DC 20052 and","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","The George Washington University School of Business 2201 G Street, NW Duques Hall, Suite 450E Washington, DC 20052","University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk, St 3000 SH-DH Philadelphia, PA 19104-6302","University of Turin Collegio Carlo Alberto Via Real Collegio 30 10024 Moncalieri (Torino) Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University School of Business 2201 G Street , NW Duques Hall , Suite 450E Washington , DC 20052 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University School of Business 2201 G Street, NW Duques Hall, Suite 450E Washington, DC 20052","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk, St 3000 SH-DH Philadelphia, PA 19104-6302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turin Collegio Carlo Alberto Via Real Collegio 30 10024 Moncalieri (Torino) Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330701686","https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035656073","display_name":"Olivia S. Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6419-8314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6419-8314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330701686","display_name":"Collegio Carlo Alberto","ror":"https://ror.org/0397knh37","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330701686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivia Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk , St 3000 SH-DH Philadelphia , PA 19104-6302 and","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","The George Washington University School of Business 2201 G Street, NW Duques Hall, Suite 450E Washington, DC 20052","University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk, St 3000 SH-DH Philadelphia, PA 19104-6302","University of Turin Collegio Carlo Alberto Via Real Collegio 30 10024 Moncalieri (Torino) Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk , St 3000 SH-DH Philadelphia , PA 19104-6302 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University School of Business 2201 G Street, NW Duques Hall, Suite 450E Washington, DC 20052","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk, St 3000 SH-DH Philadelphia, PA 19104-6302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turin Collegio Carlo Alberto Via Real Collegio 30 10024 Moncalieri (Torino) Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330701686","https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029341333","display_name":"Noemi Oggero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-5407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-5407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330701686","display_name":"Collegio Carlo Alberto","ror":"https://ror.org/0397knh37","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330701686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noemi Oggero","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","The George Washington University School of Business 2201 G Street, NW Duques Hall, Suite 450E Washington, DC 20052","University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk, St 3000 SH-DH Philadelphia, PA 19104-6302","University of Turin Collegio Carlo Alberto Via Real Collegio 30 10024 Moncalieri (Torino) Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University School of Business 2201 G Street, NW Duques Hall, Suite 450E Washington, DC 20052","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk, St 3000 SH-DH Philadelphia, PA 19104-6302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turin Collegio Carlo Alberto Via Real Collegio 30 10024 Moncalieri (Torino) Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330701686","https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13695","display_name":"Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-debt","display_name":"household debt","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-vulnerability","display_name":"financial vulnerability","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement","display_name":"retirement","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-insecurity","display_name":"financial insecurity","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-management","display_name":"debt management","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-purchase","display_name":"home purchase","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-shocks","display_name":"financial shocks","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-capability","display_name":"financial capability","score":0.5529999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.7205780148506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6842110753059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5379972457885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.40742963552474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3853392004966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.3455798327922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09350493550300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.05119892954826355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w23664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w23664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312524","display_name":"TIAA Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05h73kp55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333844","display_name":"Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02bg31g49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4299606972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4299606972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504754626","https://openalex.org/W1528560601","https://openalex.org/W1549162356","https://openalex.org/W1602170035","https://openalex.org/W1607140572","https://openalex.org/W1898276068","https://openalex.org/W1923509139","https://openalex.org/W1996831100","https://openalex.org/W2025478657","https://openalex.org/W2066416666","https://openalex.org/W2076875781","https://openalex.org/W2097587161","https://openalex.org/W2098605947","https://openalex.org/W2106975706","https://openalex.org/W2111033720","https://openalex.org/W2112008714","https://openalex.org/W2115327771","https://openalex.org/W2115465166","https://openalex.org/W2120893546","https://openalex.org/W2121736730","https://openalex.org/W2127222698","https://openalex.org/W2146873931","https://openalex.org/W2148621464","https://openalex.org/W2150273764","https://openalex.org/W2152189735","https://openalex.org/W2154624091","https://openalex.org/W2166096872","https://openalex.org/W2167825607","https://openalex.org/W2170553087","https://openalex.org/W2171340356","https://openalex.org/W2187668500","https://openalex.org/W2789802930","https://openalex.org/W2891009322","https://openalex.org/W2891402838","https://openalex.org/W2892085629","https://openalex.org/W2916906760","https://openalex.org/W2918109823","https://openalex.org/W3025054464","https://openalex.org/W3121588645","https://openalex.org/W3122185117","https://openalex.org/W3122746602","https://openalex.org/W3122776547","https://openalex.org/W3123095890","https://openalex.org/W3124506641","https://openalex.org/W3124687490","https://openalex.org/W3125401992","https://openalex.org/W3125996077","https://openalex.org/W4231683308","https://openalex.org/W4242482353","https://openalex.org/W4298042184","https://openalex.org/W4300835441","https://openalex.org/W6630340164","https://openalex.org/W6675052720","https://openalex.org/W6677756521","https://openalex.org/W6688447561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7218146335","https://openalex.org/W154130047","https://openalex.org/W2804488971","https://openalex.org/W4248343877","https://openalex.org/W3110048474","https://openalex.org/W3170277562","https://openalex.org/W3125423807","https://openalex.org/W2912754732","https://openalex.org/W2276333499","https://openalex.org/W1550830989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"analyze":[1],"older":[2,66],"individuals'":[3,67],"debt":[4,45,63,82],"and":[5,13,17,38,56,65,83],"financial":[6,86],"vulnerability":[7],"using":[8],"data":[9],"from":[10],"the":[11,18,25,53],"Health":[12],"Retirement":[14],"Study":[15,22],"(HRS)":[16],"National":[19],"Financial":[20],"Capability":[21],"(NFCS).Specifically,":[23],"in":[24,35,44],"HRS":[26],"we":[27],"examine":[28],"three":[29],"different":[30],"cohorts":[31,77],"(individuals":[32],"age":[33],"56-61)":[34],"1992,":[36],"2004,":[37],"2010":[39],"to":[40,58,69,90],"evaluate":[41],"cross-cohort":[42],"changes":[43],"over":[46],"time.We":[47],"also":[48],"use":[49],"two":[50],"waves":[51],"of":[52],"NFCS":[54],"(2012":[55],"2015)":[57],"gain":[59],"additional":[60],"insights":[61],"into":[62],"management":[64],"capacity":[68],"shield":[70],"themselves":[71],"against":[72],"shocks.We":[73],"show":[74],"that":[75],"recent":[76],"have":[78],"taken":[79],"on":[80],"more":[81,85,93],"face":[84],"insecurity,":[87],"mostly":[88],"due":[89],"having":[91],"purchased":[92],"expensive":[94],"homes":[95],"with":[96],"smaller":[97],"down":[98],"payments.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-10-02T00:00:00"}
