{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298325774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","title":"The application of deep neural networks for the prediction of California Bearing Ratio of road subgrade soil","display_name":"The application of deep neural networks for the prediction of California Bearing Ratio of road subgrade soil","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298325774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447922002994/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764993483","display_name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2090-4479","issn":["2090-4479","2090-4495"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447922002994/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034675877","display_name":"Kareem Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5322-0918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5322-0918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA","EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kareem Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, University of Toronto, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada","Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, University of Toronto, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053906698","display_name":"Hassan T. Abdelwahab","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Abdelwahab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034675877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455","https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":{"value":860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":860},"apc_paid":{"value":860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":860},"fwci":3.3977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93107237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"101988","last_page":"101988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california-bearing-ratio","display_name":"California bearing ratio","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgrade-soil","display_name":"subgrade soil","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-network","display_name":"deep neural network","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asphalt-pavement-design","display_name":"flexible pavement design","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size-distribution","display_name":"grain size distribution","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atterberg-limits","display_name":"Atterberg limits","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compaction-parameters","display_name":"compaction parameters","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter-optimization","display_name":"hyperparameter optimization","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-linear-regression-comparison","display_name":"multiple linear regression comparison","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egyptian-soils","display_name":"Egyptian soils","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182377489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337829","display_name":"Subgrade","level":2,"score":0.8941313028335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37646163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026797","display_name":"California bearing ratio","level":3,"score":0.8743667602539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7924832105636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6854917407035828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116973930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143620","display_name":"Atterberg limits","level":3,"score":0.5628498196601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196715460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414356","display_name":"Compaction","level":2,"score":0.48315781354904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.47334814071655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41626057028770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4120885729789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37008732557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.347881019115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3370599150657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32992368936538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.12239119410514832}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447922002994/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764993483","display_name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2090-4479","issn":["2090-4479","2090-4495"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8162313d9e5e4b378f797ca506dafcf9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8162313d9e5e4b378f797ca506dafcf9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal, Vol 14, Iss 7, Pp 101988- (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101988","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447922002994/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764993483","display_name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2090-4479","issn":["2090-4479","2090-4495"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4298325774.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4298325774.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149442419","https://openalex.org/W323315196","https://openalex.org/W799277024","https://openalex.org/W1974283773","https://openalex.org/W1976213807","https://openalex.org/W1982029402","https://openalex.org/W1983559085","https://openalex.org/W2017123832","https://openalex.org/W2023350506","https://openalex.org/W2027738544","https://openalex.org/W2076118331","https://openalex.org/W2150154527","https://openalex.org/W2160166502","https://openalex.org/W2249939751","https://openalex.org/W2555387706","https://openalex.org/W2784273144","https://openalex.org/W2809467910","https://openalex.org/W2903252259","https://openalex.org/W2921887529","https://openalex.org/W2943988454","https://openalex.org/W2954352036","https://openalex.org/W2997703227","https://openalex.org/W2999697226","https://openalex.org/W3005551913","https://openalex.org/W3011329321","https://openalex.org/W3016337942","https://openalex.org/W3055123432","https://openalex.org/W3147706128","https://openalex.org/W3155307637","https://openalex.org/W3159291936","https://openalex.org/W3170791422","https://openalex.org/W3175886500","https://openalex.org/W3185611429","https://openalex.org/W3196151121","https://openalex.org/W3199162930","https://openalex.org/W3210441374","https://openalex.org/W3212817648","https://openalex.org/W3216559015","https://openalex.org/W4200270335","https://openalex.org/W4200348783","https://openalex.org/W4206908800","https://openalex.org/W4211137671","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4240768087","https://openalex.org/W4254751698","https://openalex.org/W6903506124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175886500","https://openalex.org/W4383068120","https://openalex.org/W4391521753","https://openalex.org/W178497365","https://openalex.org/W7223188749","https://openalex.org/W2185804498","https://openalex.org/W49278444","https://openalex.org/W1129969083","https://openalex.org/W7219377529","https://openalex.org/W2921887529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"California":[0],"Bearing":[1],"Ratio":[2],"(CBR)":[3],"of":[4,10,19,23,29,60,64,119],"the":[5,11,15,20,27,30,58,61,65,71,91,95,107,112,117,120,123,133,137],"subgrade":[6,66],"soil":[7,67],"is":[8,36],"one":[9],"essential":[12],"values":[13],"for":[14,57],"design":[16],"and":[17,38,77,143],"construction":[18],"asphalt":[21],"pavement":[22],"highway":[24],"projects.":[25],"However,":[26],"estimation":[28],"CBR":[31,62],"value":[32,63],"through":[33],"laboratory":[34],"tests":[35],"time-consuming":[37],"labor-intensive.":[39],"Thus,":[40],"this":[41],"study":[42],"focuses":[43],"on":[44],"providing":[45],"artificial":[46],"neural":[47,109],"network":[48],"(ANN)":[49],"prediction":[50,59],"models":[51,135],"that":[52,94,106,130],"can":[53,99,144],"be":[54],"efficiently":[55],"used":[56],"in":[68,87],"Egypt":[69],"from":[70],"grain":[72],"size":[73],"distribution,":[74],"Atterberg":[75],"limits,":[76],"compaction":[78],"parameters.":[79],"240":[80],"ANNs":[81,121,131,138],"with":[82,122],"different":[83],"hyperparameters":[84,92],"are":[85],"investigated":[86],"order":[88],"to":[89],"optimize":[90],"so":[93],"final":[96],"chosen":[97],"ANN":[98],"provide":[100],"accurate":[101,147],"results.":[102],"The":[103],"analysis":[104],"shows":[105,129],"deep":[108],"networks":[110],"outperform":[111,132],"shallow":[113],"ANNs.":[114],"Finally,":[115],"comparing":[116],"performance":[118,142],"traditional":[124],"multiple":[125],"linear":[126],"regression":[127],"(MLR)":[128],"MLR":[134],"as":[136],"have":[139],"much":[140],"better":[141],"generate":[145],"highly":[146],"predictions.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-10-02T00:00:00"}
