{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298113236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002076","title":"Investigation of Two-Stage Membrane Bioreactor Potential of Activated Sludge and Microalgae in Municipal Wastewater Treatment","display_name":"Investigation of Two-Stage Membrane Bioreactor Potential of Activated Sludge and Microalgae in Municipal Wastewater Treatment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298113236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156179317","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","issn_l":"0733-9372","issn":["0733-9372","1943-7870"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elham Movahed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149299","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Tonekabon","ror":"https://ror.org/042heys49","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210149299"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Movahed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tonekabon 4684161167, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tonekabon 4684161167, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149299"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055274768","display_name":"Keivan Saeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-334X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-334X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149299","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Tonekabon","ror":"https://ror.org/042heys49","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210149299"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keivan Saeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Dept. of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tonekabon 4684161167, Iran (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Dept. of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tonekabon 4684161167, Iran (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149299"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108756643","display_name":"Farshid Pajoum Shariati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110525433","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzn7k21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farshid Pajoum Shariati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tehran 1477893855, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tehran 1477893855, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016248240","display_name":"Aptin Rahnavard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-7944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-7944"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149299","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Tonekabon","ror":"https://ror.org/042heys49","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210149299"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aptin Rahnavard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Dept. of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tonekabon 4684161167, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tonekabon 4684161167, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149299"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055274768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149299"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24962778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"148","issue":"12","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.03840000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.023499999195337296,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-bioreactor","display_name":"membrane bioreactor","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae","display_name":"microalgae","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activated-sludge","display_name":"activated sludge","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-wastewater-treatment","display_name":"municipal wastewater treatment","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-photobioreactor","display_name":"membrane photobioreactor","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-removal","display_name":"nitrate removal","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphate-removal","display_name":"phosphate removal","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cod-removal","display_name":"COD removal","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-dark-cycle","display_name":"light-dark cycle","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgal-productivity","display_name":"microalgae productivity","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-stage-treatment","display_name":"two-stage treatment","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-dissolved-solids","display_name":"total dissolved solids","score":0.7839999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776266027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901466","display_name":"Membrane bioreactor","level":3,"score":0.7745170593261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777730692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815353","display_name":"Activated sludge","level":3,"score":0.7685201168060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168170006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864699","display_name":"Bioreactor","level":2,"score":0.6685506701469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.6655977964401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.6216340065002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.5895345211029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5596635341644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.496704638004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.42638924717903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.39502161741256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3740180432796478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16177791357040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14484566450119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156179317","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","issn_l":"0733-9372","issn":["0733-9372","1943-7870"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.807699978351593,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1037505938","https://openalex.org/W1929536144","https://openalex.org/W1963518305","https://openalex.org/W1979983647","https://openalex.org/W1980456423","https://openalex.org/W1982688137","https://openalex.org/W2000554425","https://openalex.org/W2004175180","https://openalex.org/W2004222066","https://openalex.org/W2013720377","https://openalex.org/W2016380529","https://openalex.org/W2021429484","https://openalex.org/W2023170600","https://openalex.org/W2032486140","https://openalex.org/W2041422952","https://openalex.org/W2050437536","https://openalex.org/W2059811407","https://openalex.org/W2060363415","https://openalex.org/W2080990607","https://openalex.org/W2084023459","https://openalex.org/W2093884085","https://openalex.org/W2095434311","https://openalex.org/W2096613133","https://openalex.org/W2157640860","https://openalex.org/W2256305297","https://openalex.org/W2296039946","https://openalex.org/W2396000235","https://openalex.org/W2434397641","https://openalex.org/W2462425300","https://openalex.org/W2473426159","https://openalex.org/W2505688358","https://openalex.org/W2546918621","https://openalex.org/W2591258672","https://openalex.org/W2613813816","https://openalex.org/W2619513822","https://openalex.org/W2758996211","https://openalex.org/W2773966335","https://openalex.org/W2779801055","https://openalex.org/W2796330671","https://openalex.org/W2797058680","https://openalex.org/W2803738450","https://openalex.org/W2861129174","https://openalex.org/W2886038808","https://openalex.org/W2914496020","https://openalex.org/W2921219287","https://openalex.org/W2934380162","https://openalex.org/W2938865122","https://openalex.org/W2953241158","https://openalex.org/W2955675773","https://openalex.org/W2985887729","https://openalex.org/W2986165321","https://openalex.org/W3044323636","https://openalex.org/W3049174775","https://openalex.org/W3049311633","https://openalex.org/W3080979910","https://openalex.org/W3099406002","https://openalex.org/W3113735744","https://openalex.org/W3124337850","https://openalex.org/W3127592644","https://openalex.org/W3130976128","https://openalex.org/W3131489108","https://openalex.org/W3172383687","https://openalex.org/W3179557133","https://openalex.org/W3194989318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364296364","https://openalex.org/W2389698287","https://openalex.org/W3174129595","https://openalex.org/W1977856840","https://openalex.org/W2779621441","https://openalex.org/W2037189095","https://openalex.org/W1985262698","https://openalex.org/W2013204483","https://openalex.org/W2360840032","https://openalex.org/W2509336676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111,136,153,177],"combination":[1],"of":[2,35,114,120,139,179,191,211,241,252],"activated":[3,162],"sludge":[4,163],"and":[5,25,37,62,69,98,101,106,116,146,164,194,201,213,219,254],"microalgae":[6,43,59,72,79,175],"in":[7,17,90,129,203,230,250],"a":[8,13,32,55],"membrane":[9,131],"bioreactor":[10],"(MBR)":[11],"is":[12,40,54],"new":[14],"promising":[15],"solution":[16],"municipal":[18,29],"wastewater":[19,30,169],"treatment":[20,243],"to":[21,172,217,235],"remove":[22],"nitrate":[23,212],"(NO3\u2212)":[24],"phosphate":[26,195,214],"(PO43\u2212).":[27],"Furthermore,":[28],"contains":[31],"considerable":[33],"amount":[34,190],"NO3\u2212":[36,253],"PO43\u2212,":[38],"which":[39],"suitable":[41],"for":[42,78],"growth.":[44],"It":[45],"can":[46,81],"be":[47,82],"concluded":[48],"from":[49],"the":[50,66,70,87,117,126,130,159,167,180,188,204,209,236,238,242,247],"literature":[51],"that":[52],"there":[53],"direct":[56],"relationship":[57],"between":[58],"biomass":[60,88],"production":[61],"nutrient":[63],"removal.":[64,256],"Thus,":[65],"light":[67],"cycle":[68,113],"initial":[71,102,118,137],"concentration":[73,119,138],"(as":[74],"two":[75],"main":[76],"factors":[77],"growth)":[80],"optimized.":[83],"In":[84,207],"this":[85,186],"study,":[86],"productivity":[89],"three":[91],"light-dark":[92],"(L-D)":[93],"cycles":[94],"(h)":[95],"(24-0,":[96],"16-8,":[97],"12-12":[99],"h)":[100],"concentrations":[103],"(0.5,":[104],"1,":[105],"1.5":[107],"g\u00b7L\u22121)":[108],"were":[109],"measured.":[110],"L-D":[112],"24-0":[115],"1":[121],"g\u00b7L\u22121":[122],"was":[123,151,155,182,196],"used":[124],"as":[125],"chosen":[127],"parameter":[128],"photobioreactor":[132],"(MPBR)":[133],"containing":[134,161,174],"microalgae.":[135],"nitrate,":[140,193],"phosphate,":[141],"chemical":[142],"oxygen":[143],"demand":[144],"(COD),":[145],"total":[147],"dissolved":[148],"solids":[149],"(TDS)":[150],"investigated.":[152],"investigation":[154],"performed":[156],"first":[157],"on":[158,166],"MBR":[160,171,248],"then":[165],"treated":[168],"via":[170],"MPBR":[173],"(MBR-MPBR).":[176],"duration":[178],"experiment":[181],"133":[183],"days.":[184],"During":[185],"period,":[187],"removal":[189,215],"COD,":[192],"reported":[197],"at":[198],"92.35%,":[199],"47.55%,":[200],"36.46%":[202],"MBR,":[205],"respectively.":[206,221],"MBR-MPBR,":[208],"average":[210],"increased":[216],"93.88%":[218],"88.44%,":[220],"However,":[222],"TDS":[223],"did":[224],"not":[225],"show":[226],"any":[227],"notable":[228],"alterations":[229],"both":[231],"operating":[232],"systems.":[233],"According":[234],"findings,":[237],"second":[239],"stage":[240],"process,":[244],"MBR-MPBR":[245],"outperformed":[246],"system":[249],"terms":[251],"PO43\u2212":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
