{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297929666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","title":"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f","display_name":"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297929666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","mag":"2786454792"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","pdf_url":"http://journals.lagh-univ.dz/index.php/djei/article/download/369/325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280279","display_name":"Dirassat Journal Economic Issue","issn_l":"2676-2013","issn":["2676-2013","2676-2080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","host_organization_name":"Amar Telidji University of Laghouat","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dirassat Journal Economic Issue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://journals.lagh-univ.dz/index.php/djei/article/download/369/325","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010177198","display_name":"Abdelkader Charef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelkader Charef","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0637"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0637","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010177198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.586047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"149","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-corruption","display_name":"anti-corruption","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singapore-model","display_name":"Singapore model","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-of-corruption","display_name":"corruption control","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-will","display_name":"political will","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-s-action-party","display_name":"People's Action Party","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lee-kuan-yew","display_name":"Lee Kuan Yew","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-environment","display_name":"business environment","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-development","display_name":"human development","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2958643138408661}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","pdf_url":"http://journals.lagh-univ.dz/index.php/djei/article/download/369/325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280279","display_name":"Dirassat Journal Economic Issue","issn_l":"2676-2013","issn":["2676-2013","2676-2080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","host_organization_name":"Amar Telidji University of Laghouat","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dirassat Journal Economic Issue","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bb108b2a1b540ceb5282eee09e0735d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bb108b2a1b540ceb5282eee09e0735d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a, Vol 7, Iss 2 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2786454792","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/90282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280279","display_name":"Dirassat Journal Economic Issue","issn_l":"2676-2013","issn":["2676-2013","2676-2080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","host_organization_name":"Amar Telidji University of Laghouat","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34118/djei.v7i2.369","pdf_url":"http://journals.lagh-univ.dz/index.php/djei/article/download/369/325","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280279","display_name":"Dirassat Journal Economic Issue","issn_l":"2676-2013","issn":["2676-2013","2676-2080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","host_organization_name":"Amar Telidji University of Laghouat","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dirassat Journal Economic Issue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297929666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297929666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4300411796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213457615","https://openalex.org/W3158545635","https://openalex.org/W7131355820","https://openalex.org/W4380636262","https://openalex.org/W4411877216","https://openalex.org/W3118819373","https://openalex.org/W7035441527","https://openalex.org/W3115905958","https://openalex.org/W7215462140","https://openalex.org/W2617264445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[0],"\u0639\u0643\u0633":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f":[2,26],"\u0645\u0646":[3,11,27,108,121],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629":[5],",":[6,19,32,35,41,65,81,97,104,110],"\u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a":[7],"\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629":[8],"\u0641\u064a":[9,17,22,25,58,62,74,77,115,124],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f":[10],"\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f":[13,64,76],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[14],"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[15],"\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629":[16],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f":[18],"\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643":[20],"\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649":[21],"\u062d\u0633\u0646":[23],"\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[29],"\u0643\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629":[31],"\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629":[33],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629":[37],"\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629":[39],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a":[40],"\u0625\u0630":[42],"\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646":[43],"\u0623\u0646":[44],"\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628":[45],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[46,83,99,117],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d":[47],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[48],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[50],"\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629":[51],"\u062d\u0632\u0628":[52],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644":[53],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a,":[54],"\u0648\u0647\u0648":[55],"\u0645\u0627":[56],"\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633":[57],"\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621":[59],"\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628":[60],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a":[61],"\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a":[63],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[66,130],"\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631":[67],"\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629":[68],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629":[69],"\u0639\u0646":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629,":[71],"\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645":[72],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[73],"\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639":[75],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646":[78],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645":[79],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635":[80],"\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633":[82],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628":[84],"\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631":[85],"\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639":[86],"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621":[88],"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629,":[89],"\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627":[90],"\u0633\u0646":[91],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[92],"\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629":[94],"\u0633\u0646\u0629":[95],"1960":[96],"\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[100],"\u062f\u0648\u0646":[101,105],"\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0632":[102],"\u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632":[103],"\u0623\u064a":[106],"\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644":[107],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629":[109],"\u0641\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d":[111],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[112],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629":[113],"\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645":[114],"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f":[118],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[119],"\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631":[120],"53":[122],"\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627":[123],"\u0638\u0644":[125],"\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629":[126],"\u0644\u064a":[127],"\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646":[128],"\u064a\u0648,":[129],"\u0643\u0627\u0646":[131],"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627":[132],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621":[133],"\u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-10-01T00:00:00"}