{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297510079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009272230.021","title":"Research and Development","display_name":"Research and Development","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297510079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009272230.021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/9781009272230.021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009272230.021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009272230.021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science in Context","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297471006","display_name":"Data Science in Context"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113516216","display_name":"Alfred Z. Spector","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Z. Spector","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080389385","display_name":"Peter Norvig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Norvig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085649470","display_name":"Chris H. Wiggins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-394X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-394X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Wiggins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jeannette M. Wing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeannette M. Wing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94515881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12766","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration","score":0.7993000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12766","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration","score":0.7993000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.1964000016450882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14345","display_name":"Scientific Research and Philosophical Inquiry","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-and-development","display_name":"research and development","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transdisciplinary-research","display_name":"transdisciplinary research","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-recommendations","display_name":"research recommendations","score":0.36000001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.250809907913208}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/9781009272230.021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009272230.021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009272230.021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science in Context","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601625586","https://openalex.org/W3159327037","https://openalex.org/W256134557","https://openalex.org/W2070293825","https://openalex.org/W7111463539","https://openalex.org/W6991276452","https://openalex.org/W2497810105","https://openalex.org/W6911098318","https://openalex.org/W2615350110","https://openalex.org/W4410746356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1],"makes":[2],"two":[3],"R&D":[4],"recommendations":[5],"to":[6],"address":[7],"concerns":[8],"raised":[9],"in":[10],"Chapter":[11],"15:":[12],"increasing":[13],"focused":[14],"and":[15,18],"transdisciplinary":[16],"research;":[17],"fostering":[19],"innovation.":[20]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2022-09-29T00:00:00"}
