{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297095040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210132","title":"A Robust Selective Encryption Scheme for H.265/HEVC Video","display_name":"A Robust Selective Encryption Scheme for H.265/HEVC Video","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297095040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3210132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210132","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09903590.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4297095040"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09903590.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044018801","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-209X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-209X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-209X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740509","display_name":"Xingjun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-830X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-830X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingjun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-830X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063109617","display_name":"Guining Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2405-636X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2405-636X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guining Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2405-636X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011150681","display_name":"Guanze Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4028-4856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4028-4856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanze Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4028-4856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1789,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77467717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"17252","last_page":"17264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.1851000040769577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-265-hevc","display_name":"H.265/HEVC","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rc4-stream-cipher","display_name":"RC4 stream cipher","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-binary-sequences","display_name":"pseudo-random binary sequence","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sha-256","display_name":"SHA-256","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-vector-difference","display_name":"motion vector difference","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intra-prediction-modes","display_name":"intra prediction modes","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss-robustness","display_name":"packet loss robustness","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chosen-plaintext-attack-resistance","display_name":"chosen-plaintext attack resistance","score":0.8330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8137240409851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7191099524497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182548165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261483","display_name":"Scrambling","level":2,"score":0.5640389323234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109154458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846955","display_name":"RC4","level":4,"score":0.5183773636817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.512206494808197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5106509327888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779020251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555171","display_name":"Motion vector","level":3,"score":0.4572249948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122760801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2552011","display_name":"Watermarking attack","level":5,"score":0.45446836948394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.41831862926483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4147014021873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54569210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246854","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","level":3,"score":0.364896684885025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92950451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864718","display_name":"Stream cipher","level":3,"score":0.3557794690132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3423110842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57795399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265706","display_name":"Deterministic encryption","level":4,"score":0.21877366304397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21114540100097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1391105055809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3210132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210132","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09903590.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cadd614a7a9d458189a6173ab404bc77","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cadd614a7a9d458189a6173ab404bc77","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 17252-17264 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3210132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3210132","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/09903590.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2175934847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KCXFZ 202002011010487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2195155527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WDZC20200818121348001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6025887399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGDX2019091810120169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297095040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297095040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25515858","https://openalex.org/W2013489246","https://openalex.org/W2031574987","https://openalex.org/W2070262537","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2291664432","https://openalex.org/W2344891549","https://openalex.org/W2399019819","https://openalex.org/W2429647316","https://openalex.org/W2473668536","https://openalex.org/W2579267403","https://openalex.org/W2702410215","https://openalex.org/W2725522151","https://openalex.org/W2766966028","https://openalex.org/W2767934672","https://openalex.org/W2768791825","https://openalex.org/W2791302671","https://openalex.org/W2792647549","https://openalex.org/W2801657298","https://openalex.org/W2802768153","https://openalex.org/W2945163637","https://openalex.org/W2954094283","https://openalex.org/W3005410028","https://openalex.org/W3013165393","https://openalex.org/W3026264620","https://openalex.org/W3037686054","https://openalex.org/W3086676408","https://openalex.org/W3094974019","https://openalex.org/W3130206931","https://openalex.org/W3209224545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2937763123","https://openalex.org/W2725522151","https://openalex.org/W2954094283","https://openalex.org/W2397227133","https://openalex.org/W4399618122","https://openalex.org/W4403222537","https://openalex.org/W2702410215","https://openalex.org/W4399569822","https://openalex.org/W1995235547","https://openalex.org/W2947028820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,36],"protect":[1],"the":[2,17,23,39,65,72,97,102,108,112,116,131,166,179,190,197],"information":[3],"of":[4,22,42,101,111,130,157,181],"video":[5,9,43,58,215],"stream,":[6],"many":[7],"selective":[8,47],"encryption":[10,48,163,167],"schemes":[11],"have":[12],"been":[13],"proposed":[14,51,170,198],"based":[15],"on":[16],"H.265/HEVC":[18,56],"video.":[19],"However,":[20],"most":[21],"existing":[24],"algorithms":[25],"are":[26,67,151],"not":[27],"robust,":[28],"thus":[29,106],"failing":[30],"to":[31,93,118,126],"decrypt":[32],"under":[33],"packet":[34,182],"loss.":[35],"further":[37,164],"improve":[38],"robustness":[40],"capability":[41],"protection,":[44],"a":[45,211],"robust":[46],"scheme":[49,171],"is":[50,59,76,91,124,172,210],"in":[52,178],"this":[53],"paper.":[54],"In":[55],"standard,":[57],"encoded":[60],"into":[61],"multiple":[62],"slices,":[63],"and":[64,96,114,135,146,160,184,192,205],"slices":[66],"decoded":[68],"independently.":[69],"Inspired":[70],"by":[71],"feature,":[73],"each":[74],"slice":[75,90,104],"individually":[77],"encrypted":[78],"using":[79],"RC4":[80],"stream":[81],"cipher.":[82],"The":[83,155,169],"pseudorandom":[84],"binary":[85],"sequence":[86],"(PRBS)":[87],"for":[88,153,214],"one":[89],"related":[92],"encoding":[94],"parameters":[95],"SHA-256":[98],"hash":[99],"value":[100],"corresponding":[103],"header,":[105],"ensuring":[107],"real-time":[109,187],"update":[110],"PRBS":[113],"increasing":[115],"resistance":[117],"chosen-plaintext":[119],"attack.":[120],"Two-rounds":[121],"shifting":[122],"algorithm":[123,199],"designed":[125],"scramble":[127],"non-zero":[128],"coefficients":[129,144],"transform":[132,143],"units":[133],"(TUs)":[134],"then":[136],"motion":[137],"vector":[138],"difference":[139],"(MVD)":[140],"parameters,":[141],"quantized":[142],"(QTCs)":[145],"intra":[147],"prediction":[148],"modes":[149],"(IPMs)":[150],"selected":[152],"encryption.":[154],"combination":[156],"coefficient":[158],"scrambling":[159],"syntax":[161],"elements":[162],"improves":[165],"performance.":[168],"slice-synchronized.":[173],"Hence,":[174],"it":[175],"decrypts":[176],"normally":[177],"case":[180],"loss,":[183],"supports":[185],"online":[186],"interaction.":[188],"Furthermore,":[189],"simulation":[191],"analysis":[193],"results":[194],"show":[195],"that":[196],"has":[200],"format":[201],"compatibility,":[202],"high":[203],"security":[204],"low":[206],"time":[207],"complexity,":[208],"which":[209],"promising":[212],"tool":[213],"cryptographic":[216],"applications.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-09-27T00:00:00"}