{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296922016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","title":"Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis","display_name":"Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296922016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2085064/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2085064/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046469732","display_name":"Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-4039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-4039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226432","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","ror":"https://ror.org/0463y2v87","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Kelantan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Kelantan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078145843","display_name":"Liang Vivian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226432","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","ror":"https://ror.org/0463y2v87","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Vivian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Kelantan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Kelantan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110920279","display_name":"C. W. Salma C. W. Zalati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-5043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-5043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226432","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","ror":"https://ror.org/0463y2v87","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.W. Salma C.W. Zalati","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Kelantan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Kelantan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001125112","display_name":"Nani Izreen Mohd Sani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0132-4499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0132-4499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226432","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","ror":"https://ror.org/0463y2v87","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nani Izreen Mohd Sani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Kelantan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Kelantan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050645053","display_name":"Erkihun Aklilu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1031-3935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1031-3935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226432","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","ror":"https://ror.org/0463y2v87","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erkihun Aklilu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Kelantan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Kelantan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112641106","display_name":"Maizan Mohamad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226432","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","ror":"https://ror.org/0463y2v87","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maizan Mohamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Kelantan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Kelantan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006941845","display_name":"An\u2019amt Mohamed Noor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-5765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-5765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226432","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","ror":"https://ror.org/0463y2v87","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An'Amt Mohamed Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Kelantan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Kelantan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039370095","display_name":"Kasturi Muthoosamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-5794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-5794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasturi Muthoosamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043647936","display_name":"Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-1201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-1201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I226432","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Kelantan","ror":"https://ror.org/0463y2v87","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Kelantan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Kelantan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I226432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12627","display_name":"Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12627","display_name":"Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11226","display_name":"Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows","score":0.17270000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene-oxide","display_name":"graphene oxide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bovine-mastitis","display_name":"bovine mastitis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm-eradication","display_name":"biofilm eradication","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actin-polymerization","display_name":"actin polymerization","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytochalasin-d","display_name":"cytochalasin D","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomaterial-toxicity","display_name":"nanomaterial toxicity","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bovine-mammary-epithelial-cells","display_name":"bovine mammary epithelial cells","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mac-t-cells","display_name":"MAC-T cells","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.8009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.8674880862236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.854261040687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.7598236799240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.6731289029121399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.6006578207015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.47662675380706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153726182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3720909","display_name":"Intracellular parasite","level":3,"score":0.420353502035141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835061","display_name":"Mastitis","level":2,"score":0.4199253022670746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409628","display_name":"Resazurin","level":2,"score":0.4122544527053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3966667056083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.26901552081108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15199744701385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2085064/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2085064/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2085064/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296922016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296922016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576887020","https://openalex.org/W1969119359","https://openalex.org/W1976782909","https://openalex.org/W1991882828","https://openalex.org/W2001824549","https://openalex.org/W2012588499","https://openalex.org/W2014718627","https://openalex.org/W2024311006","https://openalex.org/W2032126593","https://openalex.org/W2046700476","https://openalex.org/W2050634875","https://openalex.org/W2051245442","https://openalex.org/W2056347332","https://openalex.org/W2101272702","https://openalex.org/W2215749311","https://openalex.org/W2260164880","https://openalex.org/W2316128619","https://openalex.org/W2320495391","https://openalex.org/W2323655897","https://openalex.org/W2394932051","https://openalex.org/W2414232710","https://openalex.org/W2615217482","https://openalex.org/W2738150633","https://openalex.org/W2739852558","https://openalex.org/W2740153710","https://openalex.org/W2770110539","https://openalex.org/W2790676813","https://openalex.org/W2883107975","https://openalex.org/W2889641532","https://openalex.org/W2890361108","https://openalex.org/W2898365796","https://openalex.org/W2898415565","https://openalex.org/W2900147135","https://openalex.org/W2901273961","https://openalex.org/W2905966424","https://openalex.org/W2927683181","https://openalex.org/W2948060798","https://openalex.org/W3038470858","https://openalex.org/W3049356978","https://openalex.org/W3049415719","https://openalex.org/W3081784187","https://openalex.org/W3118690266","https://openalex.org/W3120930073","https://openalex.org/W3141887875","https://openalex.org/W3204413083","https://openalex.org/W4283736762","https://openalex.org/W6600210589","https://openalex.org/W6600874026","https://openalex.org/W6601487527","https://openalex.org/W6639222260","https://openalex.org/W6665326141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3211077456","https://openalex.org/W4281703794","https://openalex.org/W2890725081","https://openalex.org/W2348567813","https://openalex.org/W2757907369","https://openalex.org/W2964010063","https://openalex.org/W2045938058","https://openalex.org/W1982642726","https://openalex.org/W2144027675","https://openalex.org/W3084469804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Staphylococcus":[2],"aureus":[3,63,105,147,168,219],"(S.":[4],"aureus)":[5],"is":[6],"one":[7,236],"of":[8,12,27,32,48,90,103,145,165,192,237,240],"the":[9,25,30,33,41,46,58,68,71,88,94,101,129,155,170,190,193,202,223,238],"causative":[10],"agents":[11],"bovine":[13,108,241],"mastitis.":[14],"The":[15,114],"treatment":[16],"using":[17,123,134],"conventional":[18],"antimicrobial":[19,28,73,96,119,171,185],"has":[20],"been":[21],"hampered":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,35,153,231],"development":[26],"resistance,":[29],"ability":[31,152],"bacteria":[34],"form":[36],"biofilms":[37,59],"and":[38,60,75,93,169,206],"localize":[39],"inside":[40],"host":[42,130],"cells.":[43],"Objectives":[44],"Here":[45],"efficacy":[47,216],"graphene":[49],"oxide":[50],"(GO),":[51],"a":[52],"carbon-based":[53],"nanomaterial":[54],"was":[55],"tested":[56,228],"against":[57,217],"intracellular":[61,72,95,118,166,184],"S.":[62,104,146,167,218],"in-":[64,229],"vitro.":[65],"Following":[66],"that,":[67],"mechanism":[69,115],"for":[70,116],"activities":[74,97,120,172,186],"GO":[76,81,112,117,126,141,161,183,200,215],"toxicities":[77],"were":[78,84,98,121,132,173,177,187,208],"elucidated.":[79],"Methods":[80],"antibiofilm":[82],"properties":[83],"evaluated":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87,189],"disruption":[89],"biofilm":[91,148,156],"structure,":[92],"determined":[99],"by":[100],"survival":[102],"in":[106,220],"infected":[107],"mammary":[109],"cells":[110,131,176,204,207],"following":[111],"exposure.":[113],"investigated":[122],"endocytosis":[124],"inhibitors.":[125],"toxicity":[127],"towards":[128],"assessed":[133],"resazurin":[135],"assay.":[136],"Results":[137],"At":[138,158,196],"100":[139],"mg/L":[140,160],"reduced":[142],"between":[143],"30\u201370%":[144],"mass,":[149],"suggesting":[150,182],"GO\u2019s":[151],"disrupt":[154],"structure.":[157],"200":[159],"killed":[162],"almost":[163],"80%":[164],"inhibited":[174],"when":[175],"pre-treated":[178],"with":[179],"cytochalasin":[180],"D,":[181],"dependent":[188],"actin-polymerisation":[191],"cell":[194],"membrane.":[195],"<":[197],"250":[198],"mg/L,":[199],"enhanced":[201],"Mac-T":[203],"viability,":[205],"only":[209],"affected":[210],"at":[211],"higher":[212],"dosages.":[213],"Conclusion":[214],"vitro":[221],"suggested":[222],"compound":[224],"could":[225],"be":[226],"further":[227],"vivo":[230],"recognise":[232],"its":[233],"potential":[234],"as":[235],"components":[239],"mastitis":[242],"therapy.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}