{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296624160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001","title":"In Defense of Public Debt","display_name":"In Defense of Public Debt","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296624160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://urn.ub.unibe.ch/urn:ch:slsp:9780197577899:ihv:pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043537207","display_name":"Barry J. Eichengreen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-4486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-4486","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-2934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Eichengreen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Economics and Political Science, University of California, Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Economics and Political Science, University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023991986","display_name":"Asmaa El-Ganainy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asmaa El-Ganainy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deputy Division Chief, Institute for Capacity Development (European and Middle Eastern Division), International Monetary Fund"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deputy Division Chief, Institute for Capacity Development (European and Middle Eastern Division), International Monetary Fund","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051348531","display_name":"Rui Pedro Esteves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-7214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-7214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I951315","display_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/007ygn379","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Esteves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of International History, Graduate Institute, Geneva"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of International History, Graduate Institute, Geneva","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I951315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113674102","display_name":"Kris James Mitchener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-1769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-1769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","display_name":"Santa Clara University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypqe447","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kris James Mitchener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert and Susan Finocchio Professor of Economics, Santa Clara University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert and Susan Finocchio Professor of Economics, Santa Clara University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.662,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99078431,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-debt","display_name":"public debt","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-borrowing","display_name":"government borrowing","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-crisis","display_name":"debt crisis","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-default","display_name":"debt default","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-building","display_name":"state building","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-debt-securities","display_name":"public debt securities","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-reduction","display_name":"debt reduction","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-public-debt","display_name":"history of public debt","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-policy","display_name":"fiscal policy","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.8483275175094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69637215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702362","display_name":"Default","level":2,"score":0.6139485836029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106210156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1559695","display_name":"Debt-to-GDP ratio","level":4,"score":0.5327648520469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915683","display_name":"Internal debt","level":3,"score":0.5209356546401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22270272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5248601","display_name":"Debt levels and flows","level":4,"score":0.5195858478546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201316295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302965","display_name":"Recourse debt","level":5,"score":0.5160545706748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44171179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461319","display_name":"External debt","level":3,"score":0.4872859716415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40566830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450734","display_name":"Senior debt","level":5,"score":0.4600057899951935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39778146147727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39028769731521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.32434260845184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.29680055379867554}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"edited-book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bcr:ensayo:v:1:y:2022:i:79:p:111-118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bcra.gov.ar/Institucional/DescargaPDF/DownloadPDF.aspx?Id=1040","pdf_url":"http://www.bcra.gov.ar/Institucional/DescargaPDF/DownloadPDF.aspx?Id=1040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:317600","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/317600","pdf_url":"https://urn.ub.unibe.ch/urn:ch:slsp:9780197577899:ihv:pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/317600","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarcommons.scu.edu:faculty_books-1537","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/faculty_books/538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196452","display_name":"Scholar Commons (Santa Clara University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","host_organization_name":"Santa Clara University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Book Gallery","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032693723","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:443/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032693723&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:299389","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/299389","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:305539","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/305539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/305539","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:317600","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/317600","pdf_url":"https://urn.ub.unibe.ch/urn:ch:slsp:9780197577899:ihv:pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/317600","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296624160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296624160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":400,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5698648","https://openalex.org/W19248654","https://openalex.org/W20700696","https://openalex.org/W20928299","https://openalex.org/W37437836","https://openalex.org/W59064216","https://openalex.org/W97212824","https://openalex.org/W132757619","https://openalex.org/W154198819","https://openalex.org/W167492382","https://openalex.org/W168262964","https://openalex.org/W180395985","https://openalex.org/W387946603","https://openalex.org/W565320780","https://openalex.org/W579713405","https://openalex.org/W582923129","https://openalex.org/W584174648","https://openalex.org/W589650395","https://openalex.org/W591432627","https://openalex.org/W598014498","https://openalex.org/W599655928","https://openalex.org/W603920171","https://openalex.org/W617955064","https://openalex.org/W626393533","https://openalex.org/W627511699","https://openalex.org/W628396238","https://openalex.org/W657751000","https://openalex.org/W658799355","https://openalex.org/W775147076","https://openalex.org/W829246279","https://openalex.org/W913241198","https://openalex.org/W1124691852","https://openalex.org/W1142188293","https://openalex.org/W1152232217","https://openalex.org/W1480167360","https://openalex.org/W1480269973","https://openalex.org/W1482567395","https://openalex.org/W1483365027","https://openalex.org/W1487012280","https://openalex.org/W1487706930","https://openalex.org/W1488552175","https://openalex.org/W1489214442","https://openalex.org/W1490817439","https://openalex.org/W1493600707","https://openalex.org/W1497087948","https://openalex.org/W1500601109","https://openalex.org/W1507688737","https://openalex.org/W1507795611","https://openalex.org/W1517015740","https://openalex.org/W1518009033","https://openalex.org/W1518557061","https://openalex.org/W1518631502","https://openalex.org/W1518649714","https://openalex.org/W1520061680","https://openalex.org/W1521300851","https://openalex.org/W1531107061","https://openalex.org/W1532414771","https://openalex.org/W1534396703","https://openalex.org/W1543367590","https://openalex.org/W1545420549","https://openalex.org/W1545867840","https://openalex.org/W1547212758","https://openalex.org/W1549835707","https://openalex.org/W1550606961","https://openalex.org/W1550641517","https://openalex.org/W1551738441","https://openalex.org/W1551787901","https://openalex.org/W1552788778","https://openalex.org/W1552858042","https://openalex.org/W1555383557","https://openalex.org/W1556136392","https://openalex.org/W1557971685","https://openalex.org/W1563391080","https://openalex.org/W1568502276","https://openalex.org/W1568803741","https://openalex.org/W1579544842","https://openalex.org/W1580835639","https://openalex.org/W1584900675","https://openalex.org/W1586838011","https://openalex.org/W1587006247","https://openalex.org/W1594723613","https://openalex.org/W1596324439","https://openalex.org/W1599526444","https://openalex.org/W1600477667","https://openalex.org/W1644403014","https://openalex.org/W1647152515","https://openalex.org/W1751657098","https://openalex.org/W1873929109","https://openalex.org/W1893777975","https://openalex.org/W1907426057","https://openalex.org/W1963648208","https://openalex.org/W1964033750","https://openalex.org/W1965496280","https://openalex.org/W1966939451","https://openalex.org/W1968525110","https://openalex.org/W1968832883","https://openalex.org/W1971459138","https://openalex.org/W1973435328","https://openalex.org/W1976682533","https://openalex.org/W1978555782","https://openalex.org/W1979575715","https://openalex.org/W1980268715","https://openalex.org/W1983444531","https://openalex.org/W1985248057","https://openalex.org/W1985302345","https://openalex.org/W1985565283","https://openalex.org/W1986805962","https://openalex.org/W1991881904","https://openalex.org/W1992014350","https://openalex.org/W1993132818","https://openalex.org/W1996267952","https://openalex.org/W1996564057","https://openalex.org/W1998279680","https://openalex.org/W1999780770","https://openalex.org/W2000020777","https://openalex.org/W2002425710","https://openalex.org/W2007308227","https://openalex.org/W2009835731","https://openalex.org/W2014572818","https://openalex.org/W2015434690","https://openalex.org/W2020272840","https://openalex.org/W2021463451","https://openalex.org/W2022554331","https://openalex.org/W2025879362","https://openalex.org/W2029994857","https://openalex.org/W2030581233","https://openalex.org/W2031119124","https://openalex.org/W2032411766","https://openalex.org/W2033741448","https://openalex.org/W2034424002","https://openalex.org/W2034912691","https://openalex.org/W2039330216","https://openalex.org/W2040189595","https://openalex.org/W2040905844","https://openalex.org/W2041175506","https://openalex.org/W2041356733","https://openalex.org/W2041569240","https://openalex.org/W2043785717","https://openalex.org/W2044076258","https://openalex.org/W2044429212","https://openalex.org/W2046187619","https://openalex.org/W2047293421","https://openalex.org/W2047482965","https://openalex.org/W2048597684","https://openalex.org/W2056553880","https://openalex.org/W2059173989","https://openalex.org/W2060948512","https://openalex.org/W2061670657","https://openalex.org/W2066171128","https://openalex.org/W2066472033","https://openalex.org/W2068401817","https://openalex.org/W2074831036","https://openalex.org/W2077091573","https://openalex.org/W2077412923","https://openalex.org/W2079321864","https://openalex.org/W2080204036","https://openalex.org/W2086767954","https://openalex.org/W2089633473","https://openalex.org/W2089900654","https://openalex.org/W2090516002","https://openalex.org/W2095143675","https://openalex.org/W2095872872","https://openalex.org/W2097023408","https://openalex.org/W2102353186","https://openalex.org/W2104397060","https://openalex.org/W2104532949","https://openalex.org/W2106384269","https://openalex.org/W2107852408","https://openalex.org/W2108331388","https://openalex.org/W2112008714","https://openalex.org/W2112305147","https://openalex.org/W2113375109","https://openalex.org/W2115028797","https://openalex.org/W2115450894","https://openalex.org/W2119589952","https://openalex.org/W2121687887","https://openalex.org/W2122797725","https://openalex.org/W2123358062","https://openalex.org/W2123637666","https://openalex.org/W2124793887","https://openalex.org/W2125093099","https://openalex.org/W2125254828","https://openalex.org/W2126046538","https://openalex.org/W2128217474","https://openalex.org/W2128327627","https://openalex.org/W2129358235","https://openalex.org/W2129564079","https://openalex.org/W2133589776","https://openalex.org/W2133665410","https://openalex.org/W2134695416","https://openalex.org/W2136161793","https://openalex.org/W2137058009","https://openalex.org/W2138862927","https://openalex.org/W2140386282","https://openalex.org/W2141254109","https://openalex.org/W2143895598","https://openalex.org/W2145369588","https://openalex.org/W2147003425","https://openalex.org/W2149905325","https://openalex.org/W2150717541","https://openalex.org/W2150891444","https://openalex.org/W2151737363","https://openalex.org/W2151866729","https://openalex.org/W2152552833","https://openalex.org/W2156667558","https://openalex.org/W2158360805","https://openalex.org/W2159217825","https://openalex.org/W2159572009","https://openalex.org/W2160778919","https://openalex.org/W2164745881","https://openalex.org/W2164782097","https://openalex.org/W2165119764","https://openalex.org/W2167380363","https://openalex.org/W2167496708","https://openalex.org/W2170199526","https://openalex.org/W2170479451","https://openalex.org/W2170967535","https://openalex.org/W2171412935","https://openalex.org/W2205275521","https://openalex.org/W2233151521","https://openalex.org/W2233186134","https://openalex.org/W2249081876","https://openalex.org/W2252079079","https://openalex.org/W2263952494","https://openalex.org/W2265326484","https://openalex.org/W2269917094","https://openalex.org/W2288238508","https://openalex.org/W2292173294","https://openalex.org/W2295334880","https://openalex.org/W2314681954","https://openalex.org/W2314882622","https://openalex.org/W2315600619","https://openalex.org/W2320450635","https://openalex.org/W2321524208","https://openalex.org/W2324482821","https://openalex.org/W2327422685","https://openalex.org/W2332825234","https://openalex.org/W2359855025","https://openalex.org/W2401645432","https://openalex.org/W2460269405","https://openalex.org/W2481448239","https://openalex.org/W2482098819","https://openalex.org/W2483252865","https://openalex.org/W2490780350","https://openalex.org/W2491167896","https://openalex.org/W2495938222","https://openalex.org/W2499759062","https://openalex.org/W2503754598","https://openalex.org/W2503832307","https://openalex.org/W2506491490","https://openalex.org/W2508162058","https://openalex.org/W2508693654","https://openalex.org/W2512776843","https://openalex.org/W2512833992","https://openalex.org/W2514334487","https://openalex.org/W2518452803","https://openalex.org/W2522421037","https://openalex.org/W2528484508","https://openalex.org/W2556578314","https://openalex.org/W2567528323","https://openalex.org/W2570512082","https://openalex.org/W2571179306","https://openalex.org/W2588518568","https://openalex.org/W2596991132","https://openalex.org/W2605414895","https://openalex.org/W2605925196","https://openalex.org/W2608154812","https://openalex.org/W2612734219","https://openalex.org/W2613231511","https://openalex.org/W2623253399","https://openalex.org/W2625740887","https://openalex.org/W2737345504","https://openalex.org/W2743490935","https://openalex.org/W2751110993","https://openalex.org/W2767484213","https://openalex.org/W2772222984","https://openalex.org/W2792469982","https://openalex.org/W2794713625","https://openalex.org/W2795511592","https://openalex.org/W2796572391","https://openalex.org/W2797500109","https://openalex.org/W2799291091","https://openalex.org/W2800617503","https://openalex.org/W2804658397","https://openalex.org/W2807440600","https://openalex.org/W2889089766","https://openalex.org/W2889698073","https://openalex.org/W2891612851","https://openalex.org/W2891988398","https://openalex.org/W2892250942","https://openalex.org/W2897505196","https://openalex.org/W2905082014","https://openalex.org/W2910156142","https://openalex.org/W2912638936","https://openalex.org/W2913578061","https://openalex.org/W2913890819","https://openalex.org/W2917591407","https://openalex.org/W2917606382","https://openalex.org/W2918874847","https://openalex.org/W2926691109","https://openalex.org/W2938363475","https://openalex.org/W2939094508","https://openalex.org/W2943212061","https://openalex.org/W2951733402","https://openalex.org/W2953513945","https://openalex.org/W2954262709","https://openalex.org/W2954393332","https://openalex.org/W2954754999","https://openalex.org/W2955541044","https://openalex.org/W2955679884","https://openalex.org/W2955711563","https://openalex.org/W2972820195","https://openalex.org/W2973504502","https://openalex.org/W2977726242","https://openalex.org/W2978773210","https://openalex.org/W2989894888","https://openalex.org/W2993916961","https://openalex.org/W2994387279","https://openalex.org/W2996376544","https://openalex.org/W3013431883","https://openalex.org/W3015083049","https://openalex.org/W3016199483","https://openalex.org/W3024097595","https://openalex.org/W3026739184","https://openalex.org/W3031654434","https://openalex.org/W3033294044","https://openalex.org/W3044213233","https://openalex.org/W3081553651","https://openalex.org/W3094530534","https://openalex.org/W3096793798","https://openalex.org/W3103594676","https://openalex.org/W3121225731","https://openalex.org/W3121474744","https://openalex.org/W3121516376","https://openalex.org/W3121517784","https://openalex.org/W3121682901","https://openalex.org/W3121757664","https://openalex.org/W3121784735","https://openalex.org/W3121870890","https://openalex.org/W3122082668","https://openalex.org/W3122179543","https://openalex.org/W3122197685","https://openalex.org/W3122367915","https://openalex.org/W3122398537","https://openalex.org/W3122567891","https://openalex.org/W3122683363","https://openalex.org/W3122872350","https://openalex.org/W3122924722","https://openalex.org/W3122941960","https://openalex.org/W3122973810","https://openalex.org/W3122981901","https://openalex.org/W3123033056","https://openalex.org/W3123106933","https://openalex.org/W3123904953","https://openalex.org/W3124060237","https://openalex.org/W3124130518","https://openalex.org/W3124136301","https://openalex.org/W3124261917","https://openalex.org/W3124700746","https://openalex.org/W3124850946","https://openalex.org/W3124956595","https://openalex.org/W3125029550","https://openalex.org/W3125331804","https://openalex.org/W3125766261","https://openalex.org/W3125770243","https://openalex.org/W3125965301","https://openalex.org/W3126097053","https://openalex.org/W3137276231","https://openalex.org/W3145449618","https://openalex.org/W4229599243","https://openalex.org/W4230625341","https://openalex.org/W4232837298","https://openalex.org/W4233901717","https://openalex.org/W4236378985","https://openalex.org/W4237467974","https://openalex.org/W4242139412","https://openalex.org/W4244496646","https://openalex.org/W4247709533","https://openalex.org/W4249572321","https://openalex.org/W4250285374","https://openalex.org/W4251068482","https://openalex.org/W4252402592","https://openalex.org/W4253504956","https://openalex.org/W4255718087","https://openalex.org/W4292929721","https://openalex.org/W4299944289","https://openalex.org/W4299952714","https://openalex.org/W4300020443","https://openalex.org/W4300507709","https://openalex.org/W4300885718","https://openalex.org/W4301660621","https://openalex.org/W4302076635","https://openalex.org/W4388083975","https://openalex.org/W4388335090","https://openalex.org/W4403469629","https://openalex.org/W6629596188","https://openalex.org/W6631106357","https://openalex.org/W6706880737","https://openalex.org/W6782531680","https://openalex.org/W6793148163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296624878","https://openalex.org/W7163726215","https://openalex.org/W3119347979","https://openalex.org/W4297897676","https://openalex.org/W3196849179","https://openalex.org/W4399827036","https://openalex.org/W3102834549","https://openalex.org/W3211608474","https://openalex.org/W3212106917","https://openalex.org/W3099889637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Public":[1,176],"debts":[2,206,213],"have":[3,130],"exploded":[4],"to":[5,14,76,90,116,122,133,142,149,199,223],"levels":[6,20],"unprecedented":[7],"in":[8,83,98,126,231],"recent":[9],"history":[10],"as":[11,95,97,106],"governments":[12,75],"responded":[13],"the":[15,27,32,41,51,55,60,72,114,170,179,201,208,220,226,236,255],"COVID-19":[16,237],"pandemic.":[17],"These":[18],"rising":[19,204],"of":[21,29,54,65,74,146,175,190,228],"debt":[22,118,128,152,154,157,192,230],"prompted":[23],"apocalyptic":[24],"warnings":[25],"about":[26],"dangers":[28],"heavy":[30],"debts\u2014about":[31],"drag":[33],"they":[34,43],"will":[35],"place":[36],"on":[37,45,58],"economic":[38,91,143],"growth":[39],"and":[40,88,92,103,109,156,207,239],"burden":[42],"impose":[44],"future":[46],"generations.":[47],"This":[48],"book":[49,182],"adds":[50],"other":[52],"side":[53],"equation:":[56],"drawing":[57],"history,":[59],"authors":[61],"provide":[62],"a":[63,80,196,241],"defense":[64],"public":[66,101,127,191,205,229],"debt.":[67],"Their":[68],"account":[69],"shows":[70],"that":[71,151],"ability":[73],"borrow":[77],"has":[78,119],"played":[79],"critical":[81],"role":[82,227],"meeting":[84],"emergencies,":[85],"from":[86,233,254],"wars":[87],"pandemics":[89],"financial":[93,136],"crises,":[94,155],"well":[96],"funding":[99],"essential":[100],"goods":[102],"services":[104],"such":[105],"transportation,":[107],"education,":[108],"healthcare.":[110],"In":[111,173],"these":[112,161],"ways,":[113],"capacity":[115],"issue":[117],"been":[120],"integral":[121],"state":[123],"building.":[124],"Transactions":[125],"securities":[129],"also":[131],"contributed":[132],"developing":[134],"private":[135],"markets":[137],"and,":[138],"through":[139],"this":[140,147],"channel,":[141],"growth.":[144],"None":[145],"is":[148],"deny":[150],"problems,":[153],"defaults":[158],"occur.":[159],"But":[160],"dramatic":[162],"events,":[163],"which":[164,211],"attract":[165],"much":[166],"attention,":[167],"are":[168,214],"not":[169],"entire":[171],"story.":[172],"Defense":[174],"Debt":[177],"redresses":[178],"balance.":[180],"The":[181],"develops":[183],"its":[184],"arguments":[185],"historically,":[186],"recounting":[187],"two":[188],"millennia":[189],"experience.":[193],"It":[194],"deploys":[195],"comprehensive":[197],"database":[198],"identify":[200],"factors":[202],"behind":[203],"circumstances":[209],"under":[210],"high":[212],"successfully":[215],"reduced.":[216],"Finally,":[217],"it":[218],"brings":[219],"story":[221],"up":[222],"date,":[224],"describing":[225],"managing,":[232],"2020":[234],"onward,":[235],"pandemic":[238],"suggesting":[240],"way":[242],"forward":[243],"once":[244],"governments,":[245],"now":[246],"more":[247],"heavily":[248],"indebted":[249],"than":[250],"before,":[251],"finally":[252],"emerge":[253],"crisis.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2022-09-23T00:00:00"}