{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296592009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563210","title":"Arachne: Search-Based Repair of Deep Neural Networks","display_name":"Arachne: Search-Based Repair of Deep Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296592009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563210","mag":"2996993142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563210","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563210","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020584477","display_name":"Jeongju Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-2996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-2996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongju Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-2996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101607518","display_name":"Sungmin Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-5320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-5320","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5758-2628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungmin Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-5320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070401254","display_name":"Shin Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-6993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-6993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shin Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-6993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.7857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9958698,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-repair","display_name":"program repair","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"differential evolution","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patch-generation","display_name":"patch generation","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-output-specification","display_name":"input-output specifications","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misclassification-correction","display_name":"misclassification correction","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-classification","display_name":"gender classification","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"sentiment analysis","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-classification","display_name":"text classification","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8414182662963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779458634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24963715","display_name":"Debiasing","level":2,"score":0.8258987665176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.7729616165161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5694292187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.5618835091590881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.546111524105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5373616814613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4483260214328766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563210","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.12463","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.12463","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.12463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2996993142","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.12463.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.12463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.12463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.12463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563210","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563210","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3198602180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-0-00769","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3338737308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A5A1059921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8190487336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A5A1059921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296592009.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296592009.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576888158","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2018465333","https://openalex.org/W2049695835","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2100664567","https://openalex.org/W2109042184","https://openalex.org/W2117876524","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2122947685","https://openalex.org/W2145124323","https://openalex.org/W2145373440","https://openalex.org/W2151584853","https://openalex.org/W2156194072","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2343875716","https://openalex.org/W2402846924","https://openalex.org/W2419262046","https://openalex.org/W2543296129","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2616028256","https://openalex.org/W2626505912","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2795030435","https://openalex.org/W2804337238","https://openalex.org/W2888307014","https://openalex.org/W2888510757","https://openalex.org/W2898868990","https://openalex.org/W2912440308","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922234936","https://openalex.org/W2950840776","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2963909831","https://openalex.org/W2979417040","https://openalex.org/W2999691867","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3088864312","https://openalex.org/W3090643686","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4230414599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996993142","https://openalex.org/W6950491976","https://openalex.org/W3091633490","https://openalex.org/W4414604615","https://openalex.org/W3215974432","https://openalex.org/W4402473929","https://openalex.org/W4376864965","https://openalex.org/W3023209704","https://openalex.org/W4405030702","https://openalex.org/W4385338015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"and":[2,18,49,91,100,149],"widespread":[3],"adoption":[4],"of":[5,26,117,134,156],"Deep":[6],"Neural":[7],"Networks":[8],"(DNNs)":[9],"has":[10],"called":[11],"for":[12,67],"ways":[13],"to":[14,37,53,95,132,147,151,181,186],"test":[15],"their":[16,74],"behaviour,":[17],"many":[19],"testing":[20],"approaches":[21],"have":[22],"successfully":[23,178],"revealed":[24],"misbehaviour":[25],"DNNs.":[27],"However,":[28],"it":[29,86,189],"is":[30],"relatively":[31],"unclear":[32],"what":[33],"one":[34],"can":[35,87,113,166],"do":[36],"correct":[38,101],"such":[39],"behaviour":[40],"after":[41],"revelation,":[42],"as":[43,77],"retraining":[44],"involves":[45],"costly":[46],"data":[47],"collection":[48],"does":[50],"not":[51],"guarantee":[52],"fix":[54,114],"the":[55,97,102],"underlying":[56],"issue.":[57],"This":[58],"article":[59],"introduces":[60],"Arachne,":[61],"a":[62,78,118,140,172,182],"novel":[63],"program":[64],"repair":[65,143],"technique":[66,144],"DNNs,":[68],"which":[69,85],"directly":[70],"repairs":[71],"DNNs":[72],"using":[73,107],"input-output":[75],"pairs":[76],"specification.":[79],"Arachne":[80,112,130,165,180],"localises":[81],"neural":[82,193],"weights":[83,99],"on":[84],"generate":[88],"effective":[89],"patches":[90,127],"uses":[92],"differential":[93],"evolution":[94],"optimise":[96],"localised":[98],"misbehaviour.":[103],"An":[104],"empirical":[105],"study":[106],"different":[108],"benchmarks":[109],"shows":[110],"that":[111,164,188],"specific":[115],"misclassifications":[116],"DNN":[119,142],"without":[120],"reducing":[121],"general":[122],"accuracy":[123],"significantly.":[124],"On":[125],"average,":[126],"generated":[128],"by":[129,139,170],"generalise":[131,145],"61.3%":[133],"unseen":[135],"misbehaviour,":[136],"whereas":[137],"those":[138],"state-of-the-art":[141],"only":[146],"10.2%":[148],"sometimes":[150],"none":[152],"while":[153],"taking":[154],"tens":[155],"times":[157],"more":[158],"than":[159],"Arachne.":[160],"We":[161],"also":[162],"show":[163,187],"address":[167],"fairness":[168],"issues":[169],"debiasing":[171],"gender":[173],"classification":[174],"model.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"we":[177],"apply":[179],"text":[183],"sentiment":[184],"model":[185],"generalises":[190],"beyond":[191],"convolutional":[192],"networks.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2022-09-22T00:00:00"}
