{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296564553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.10.2.0263","title":"Kant and Slavery\u2014Or Why He Never Became a Racial Egalitarian","display_name":"Kant and Slavery\u2014Or Why He Never Became a Racial Egalitarian","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296564553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.10.2.0263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5325/critphilrace.10.2.0263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.10.2.0263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.10.2.0263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176913","display_name":"Critical Philosophy of Race","issn_l":"2165-8684","issn":["2165-8684","2165-8692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320470","host_organization_name":"Penn State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Penn State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Philosophy of Race","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/LUAKAS.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089996439","display_name":"Huaping Lu\u2010Adler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-277X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-277X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huaping Lu-Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089996439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":82.2388,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99945945,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"263","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13712","display_name":"Kantian Philosophy and Modern Interpretations","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13712","display_name":"Kantian Philosophy and Modern Interpretations","score":0.9092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.05260000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immanuel-kant","display_name":"Immanuel Kant","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chattel-slavery","display_name":"chattel slavery","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-egalitarianism","display_name":"racial egalitarianism","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism","display_name":"racism","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-metaphysics-of-morals","display_name":"Metaphysics of Morals","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-history","display_name":"philosophy of history","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perpetual-peace","display_name":"perpetual peace","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.7680000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780422510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027938","display_name":"Humanity","level":2,"score":0.7703925967216492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779702343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166770","display_name":"Depiction","level":2,"score":0.7324079275131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6472063660621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5669541954994202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275793","display_name":"Casual","level":2,"score":0.561704158782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.5488548278808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.347251296043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.31480008363723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.23905795812606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.1605253517627716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14372780919075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5325/critphilrace.10.2.0263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.10.2.0263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.10.2.0263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176913","display_name":"Critical Philosophy of Race","issn_l":"2165-8684","issn":["2165-8684","2165-8692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320470","host_organization_name":"Penn State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Penn State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Philosophy of Race","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/LUAKAS","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/LUAKAS","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/LUAKAS.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/866171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/2/article/866171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/LUAKAS","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/LUAKAS","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/LUAKAS","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/LUAKAS","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/LUAKAS.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296564553.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296564553.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500831254","https://openalex.org/W1977001584","https://openalex.org/W1984452553","https://openalex.org/W2037693030","https://openalex.org/W2068945117","https://openalex.org/W2155880378","https://openalex.org/W2315350718","https://openalex.org/W2470212257","https://openalex.org/W2729125798","https://openalex.org/W2729228422","https://openalex.org/W2800261894","https://openalex.org/W2860203889","https://openalex.org/W3048110981","https://openalex.org/W3088198878","https://openalex.org/W3178535223","https://openalex.org/W3216625716","https://openalex.org/W4236122121","https://openalex.org/W4397016515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391035434","https://openalex.org/W7215381024","https://openalex.org/W4362700705","https://openalex.org/W7118427780","https://openalex.org/W7202184808","https://openalex.org/W6964487366","https://openalex.org/W4404544840","https://openalex.org/W4386493532","https://openalex.org/W2052995008","https://openalex.org/W4214646558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"According":[1],"to":[2,104,139,190],"an":[3],"oft-repeated":[4],"narrative,":[5],"while":[6],"Kant":[7,43,81,94],"maintained":[8],"racist":[9],"views":[10],"through":[11],"the":[12,19,62,145,153,160,173],"1780s,":[13],"he":[14,56,111,124,180],"changed":[15],"his":[16,176,196,201],"mind":[17],"in":[18,50,91,115,120],"1790s.":[20],"Pauline":[21],"Kleingeld":[22],"introduced":[23],"this":[24],"narrative":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27,107,168],"passages":[28,63],"from":[29],"Kant\u2019s":[30,169],"Metaphysics":[31],"of":[32,117,147,152,159,175,198,203],"Morals":[33],"(1797)":[34],"and":[35,143,200],"\u201cToward":[36],"Perpetual":[37],"Peace\u201d":[38],"(1795).":[39],"On":[40],"her":[41],"reading,":[42],"categorically":[44],"condemned":[45],"chattel":[46,74,98,187],"slavery":[47,75,99,188],"(and":[48],"colonialism)":[49],"those":[51],"texts,":[52],"which":[53],"meant":[54],"that":[55,80],"became":[57],"more":[58],"racially":[59],"egalitarian.":[60],"But":[61],"involving":[64],"slavery,":[65],"once":[66,193],"contextualized,":[67],"either":[68],"do":[69],"not":[70,164,184],"concern":[71],"modern,":[72],"race-based":[73],"or":[76,182],"at":[77],"best":[78],"suggest":[79],"mentioned":[82],"it":[83,113,133],"as":[84,100,205],"a":[85,101,165],"cautionary":[86],"tale":[87],"for":[88],"labor":[89],"practices":[90],"Europe.":[92],"Overall,":[93],"never":[95,157],"explicitly":[96],"considered":[97],"moral":[102],"problem":[103],"be":[105],"addressed":[106],"its":[108,118,131],"own.":[109],"Rather,":[110],"treated":[112],"primarily":[114],"terms":[116],"function":[119],"human":[121],"history.":[122],"If":[123],"ended":[125],"up":[126],"expressing":[127],"some":[128],"qualms":[129],"about":[130,186],"practices,":[132],"was":[134,156,163],"likely":[135],"because":[136],"they":[137],"threatened":[138],"deepen":[140],"intra-European":[141],"conflicts":[142],"undermine":[144],"prospect":[146],"perpetual":[148],"peace.":[149],"The":[150],"humanity":[151],"enslaved":[154],"\u201cNegroes\u201d":[155,204],"part":[158],"reasoning.":[161],"This":[162],"casual":[166],"oversight":[167],"part.":[170],"It":[171],"reflects":[172],"complexity":[174],"philosophical":[177],"system:":[178],"everything":[179],"did":[181,183],"say":[185],"begins":[189],"make":[191],"sense":[192],"we":[194],"connect":[195],"philosophy":[197],"history":[199],"depiction":[202],"natural":[206],"slaves.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2022-09-21T00:00:00"}