{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296448535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22567","title":"Smart generation of code tracing questions for assessment in introductory programming","display_name":"Smart generation of code tracing questions for assessment in introductory programming","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296448535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cae.22567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159433931","display_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","issn_l":"1061-3773","issn":["1061-3773","1099-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018949297","display_name":"Emil Stankov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-5227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-5227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emil Stankov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-5227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045284859","display_name":"Mile Jovanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-7309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-7309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mile Jovanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-7309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078572434","display_name":"Ana Madevska Bogdanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-3548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-3548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76245029","display_name":"Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje","ror":"https://ror.org/02wk2vx54","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}],"countries":["MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Madevska Bogdanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018949297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76245029"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81128984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-question-generation","display_name":"automatic question generation","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/introductory-programming","display_name":"introductory programming","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-assessment","display_name":"programming assessment","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-complexity-metrics","display_name":"code complexity metrics","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code-metrics","display_name":"source code metrics","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moodle-plugin","display_name":"Moodle plugin","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novice-programmers","display_name":"novice programmers","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-fairness","display_name":"test fairness","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8227357268333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6990833282470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.6115020513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5512644648551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4999814033508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.4658798575401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3838404417037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.1040864884853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cae.22567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159433931","display_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","issn_l":"1061-3773","issn":["1061-3773","1099-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W781871425","https://openalex.org/W1591680223","https://openalex.org/W1605135221","https://openalex.org/W1994740985","https://openalex.org/W1999782281","https://openalex.org/W2012283428","https://openalex.org/W2014989589","https://openalex.org/W2036048934","https://openalex.org/W2042764688","https://openalex.org/W2059992396","https://openalex.org/W2065315280","https://openalex.org/W2070405152","https://openalex.org/W2072070923","https://openalex.org/W2082377701","https://openalex.org/W2084684919","https://openalex.org/W2089640190","https://openalex.org/W2100860475","https://openalex.org/W2122166962","https://openalex.org/W2126658318","https://openalex.org/W2165365113","https://openalex.org/W2264952408","https://openalex.org/W2573894086","https://openalex.org/W2583549900","https://openalex.org/W2731102118","https://openalex.org/W2748908871","https://openalex.org/W2774004675","https://openalex.org/W2791566576","https://openalex.org/W2792230942","https://openalex.org/W2916082703","https://openalex.org/W2989613245","https://openalex.org/W3000395122","https://openalex.org/W3000429148","https://openalex.org/W3012323032","https://openalex.org/W3134535765","https://openalex.org/W4231474584","https://openalex.org/W4232897417","https://openalex.org/W4242878916","https://openalex.org/W4254424966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200299072","https://openalex.org/W3175537679","https://openalex.org/W7063992986","https://openalex.org/W4323037784","https://openalex.org/W2532084885","https://openalex.org/W4392865215","https://openalex.org/W4389519911","https://openalex.org/W7100584509","https://openalex.org/W4411374921","https://openalex.org/W2994773809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Teaching":[1],"programming":[2,11,80,203,218],"is":[3,21,37,183,251],"a":[4,22,70,137,151,177,195,237],"challenging":[5,39],"activity":[6],"nowadays,":[7],"especially":[8,119],"in":[9,29,201,216],"introductory":[10],"courses,":[12,219],"which":[13,25,182],"are":[14,69],"typically":[15],"massively":[16],"attended.":[17],"Writing":[18],"functional":[19],"programs":[20,84],"cognitive":[23],"skill,":[24],"many":[26,212],"students,":[27],"novices":[28],"programming,":[30],"find":[31],"it":[32],"difficult":[33],"to":[34,40,52,55,63,73,95,108,156,162],"master.":[35],"It":[36],"equally":[38],"assess":[41,74],"this":[42,133],"ability":[43],"of":[44,77,79,91,98,101,114,124,144,165,170,186,192,198,214,232],"students.":[45],"Research":[46],"has":[47],"shown":[48],"that":[49,229],"students":[50,250],"need":[51,94],"learn":[53,62],"how":[54],"read":[56],"and":[57,104,161,222,239,249],"understand,":[58],"before":[59],"they":[60],"can":[61],"write":[64],"programs.":[65],"Code":[66],"tracing":[67,146],"questions":[68,110,166],"suitable":[71,152],"way":[72],"the":[75,99,102,125,158,187,199,230,233,244],"knowledge":[76,241],"semantics":[78],"constructs":[81],"(understanding":[82],"what":[83],"do).":[85],"However,":[86],"when":[87,120],"designing":[88],"these":[89],"types":[90],"questions,":[92],"teachers":[93,210,248],"be":[96],"aware":[97],"complexity":[100],"code":[103,112,145,154,159,168],"must":[105],"always":[106],"try":[107],"create":[109],"with":[111,211],"snippets":[113,169],"same":[115,126],"or":[116],"similar":[117],"complexity,":[118,160],"preparing":[121],"different":[122],"versions":[123],"test":[127],"(for":[128],"large":[129],"student":[130],"groups).":[131],"In":[132],"paper":[134],"we":[135],"propose":[136],"new":[138],"model":[139,149,235],"for":[140],"smart":[141],"automatic":[142],"generation":[143,164],"questions.":[147],"The":[148,190,225],"uses":[150],"source":[153],"metric":[155],"measure":[157],"enable":[163],"containing":[167],"consistent":[171],"complexity.":[172],"We":[173],"also":[174],"introduce":[175],"CodeCPP:":[176],"newly":[178],"developed":[179],"Moodle":[180],"plugin,":[181],"an":[184],"implementation":[185],"proposed":[188,234],"model.":[189],"evaluation":[191],"CodeCPP,":[193],"through":[194],"year\u2010long":[196],"use":[197],"system":[200,226],"teaching":[202,217],"as":[204,206],"well":[205],"feedback":[207,245],"from":[208],"selected":[209],"years":[213],"experience":[215],"shows":[220],"positive":[221],"promising":[223],"results.":[224],"utilization":[227],"confirms":[228],"application":[231],"enables":[236],"fair":[238],"objective":[240],"assessment.":[242],"Furthermore,":[243],"provided":[246],"by":[247],"highly":[252],"positive.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2022-09-20T00:00:00"}