{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296299346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000945","title":"Efficacy of Robots-Assisted Therapy in Patients With Stroke","display_name":"Efficacy of Robots-Assisted Therapy in Patients With Stroke","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296299346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000945","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37816087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132854162","display_name":"The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing","issn_l":"0889-4655","issn":["0889-4655","1550-5049"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/265400","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089839704","display_name":"Ita Daryanti Saragih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7177-5933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7177-5933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152743029","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142152","display_name":"ORCID","ror":"https://ror.org/04fa4r544","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275310","display_name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Santa Elisabeth Medan","ror":"https://ror.org/03bmsf940","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE","ID","TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ita Daryanti Saragih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033759783","display_name":"Gauthier J. Everard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-5693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-5693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152743029","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142152","display_name":"ORCID","ror":"https://ror.org/04fa4r544","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275310","display_name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Santa Elisabeth Medan","ror":"https://ror.org/03bmsf940","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE","ID","TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gauthier Everard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010203526","display_name":"Huey\u2010Ming Tzeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-0806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-0806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152743029","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142152","display_name":"ORCID","ror":"https://ror.org/04fa4r544","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275310","display_name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Santa Elisabeth Medan","ror":"https://ror.org/03bmsf940","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE","ID","TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huey-Ming Tzeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020085815","display_name":"Ice Septriani Saragih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-378X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-378X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152743029","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142152","display_name":"ORCID","ror":"https://ror.org/04fa4r544","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275310","display_name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Santa Elisabeth Medan","ror":"https://ror.org/03bmsf940","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE","ID","TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ice Septriani Saragih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045572202","display_name":"Bih\u2010O Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-2319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152743029","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142152","display_name":"ORCID","ror":"https://ror.org/04fa4r544","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275310","display_name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Santa Elisabeth Medan","ror":"https://ror.org/03bmsf940","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE","ID","TW","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bih-O Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ([email\u00a0protected])","Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Author ContributionsStudy conception and design: I.D.S., G.E., and B.O.L. Data collection: I.D.S. and I.S.S. Data analysis and interpretation: I.D.S. Drafting of the article: I.D.S., G.E., I.S.S., and B.O.L. Critical revision of the article: All authors","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ([email\u00a0protected])","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data sharing is not applicable to this article because no new data were created in this study","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal\u2019s Web site (www.jcnjournal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee, PhD, RN Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bih-O Lee: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-8378","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142152"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gauthier Everard, MSc, PT Research Assistant, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huey-Ming Tzeng, PhD, RN Professor, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ice Septriani Saragih, MSN, RN Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ita Daryanti Saragih, MSN, RN Doctoral Student, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045572202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254","https://openalex.org/I152743029","https://openalex.org/I4210142152","https://openalex.org/I4405275310","https://openalex.org/I55302922","https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23728814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"6","first_page":"E192","last_page":"E217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-assisted-therapy","display_name":"robot-assisted therapy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-rehabilitation","display_name":"stroke rehabilitation","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-recovery","display_name":"motor recovery","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-disorders","display_name":"balance disorders","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-relief","display_name":"analgesia","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation-robots","display_name":"rehabilitation robots","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8645639419555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.745079517364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.741101861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.7129620313644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6911161541938782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5674474239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5403310656547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5391702055931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.5126115679740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28804328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623693","display_name":"Strictly standardized mean difference","level":3,"score":0.4914282560348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4833211898803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4603872299194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.43238401412963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.16149848699569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1572001576423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132854162","display_name":"The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing","issn_l":"0889-4655","issn":["0889-4655","1550-5049"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37816087","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37816087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of cardiovascular nursing","raw_type":"Meta-Analysis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:265400","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/265400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of cardiovascular nursing, Vol. 38, no. 6, p. E192-E217 (2023)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:265400","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/265400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of cardiovascular nursing, Vol. 38, no. 6, p. E192-E217 (2023)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43735165","https://openalex.org/W821570384","https://openalex.org/W1609451362","https://openalex.org/W1965690569","https://openalex.org/W1967817268","https://openalex.org/W1982005444","https://openalex.org/W1982773162","https://openalex.org/W1988928487","https://openalex.org/W1992907285","https://openalex.org/W1998681803","https://openalex.org/W1999025777","https://openalex.org/W2000094867","https://openalex.org/W2061265400","https://openalex.org/W2062160022","https://openalex.org/W2062929572","https://openalex.org/W2065010780","https://openalex.org/W2081683804","https://openalex.org/W2082077639","https://openalex.org/W2082874612","https://openalex.org/W2087287335","https://openalex.org/W2088293065","https://openalex.org/W2092109890","https://openalex.org/W2098419803","https://openalex.org/W2098434755","https://openalex.org/W2103262618","https://openalex.org/W2103883381","https://openalex.org/W2107773233","https://openalex.org/W2108906119","https://openalex.org/W2109214906","https://openalex.org/W2113585314","https://openalex.org/W2114093313","https://openalex.org/W2117798632","https://openalex.org/W2119985669","https://openalex.org/W2121658418","https://openalex.org/W2121819418","https://openalex.org/W2125435699","https://openalex.org/W2126828346","https://openalex.org/W2132571564","https://openalex.org/W2140036652","https://openalex.org/W2146922631","https://openalex.org/W2156228999","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2158623493","https://openalex.org/W2160309700","https://openalex.org/W2167972156","https://openalex.org/W2180939513","https://openalex.org/W2211478249","https://openalex.org/W2282607107","https://openalex.org/W2286631061","https://openalex.org/W2325320361","https://openalex.org/W2333316193","https://openalex.org/W2334771086","https://openalex.org/W2340714032","https://openalex.org/W2344544365","https://openalex.org/W2511163921","https://openalex.org/W2531275031","https://openalex.org/W2535646313","https://openalex.org/W2588071635","https://openalex.org/W2614109164","https://openalex.org/W2621889208","https://openalex.org/W2624103370","https://openalex.org/W2769461105","https://openalex.org/W2802264229","https://openalex.org/W2804172248","https://openalex.org/W2896612310","https://openalex.org/W2896984445","https://openalex.org/W2897995899","https://openalex.org/W2900473041","https://openalex.org/W2911109886","https://openalex.org/W2914901346","https://openalex.org/W2927507884","https://openalex.org/W2942312114","https://openalex.org/W2946772588","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2994686963","https://openalex.org/W3003471954","https://openalex.org/W3005622404","https://openalex.org/W3015126898","https://openalex.org/W3040658517","https://openalex.org/W3080554008","https://openalex.org/W3088857634","https://openalex.org/W3094899893","https://openalex.org/W3113178943","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3124868308","https://openalex.org/W3128069529","https://openalex.org/W3134335057","https://openalex.org/W3139109771","https://openalex.org/W3181799139","https://openalex.org/W3182779780","https://openalex.org/W3215861079","https://openalex.org/W4252727751","https://openalex.org/W6911044421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389055284","https://openalex.org/W4311392164","https://openalex.org/W7128736034","https://openalex.org/W2927507884","https://openalex.org/W6940126556","https://openalex.org/W3094899893","https://openalex.org/W4404553114","https://openalex.org/W4322724742","https://openalex.org/W7222532796","https://openalex.org/W4409222516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Robot-assisted":[1,176],"therapy":[2,177],"(RAT)":[3],"could":[4,30,204],"address":[5],"an":[6,23],"unmet":[7],"need":[8],"to":[9,72,89,137,150,161,173,179],"relieve":[10],"the":[11,20,35,66,81,91,95,114,181],"strain":[12],"on":[13],"healthcare":[14,213],"providers":[15,214],"and":[16,45,149,163,185,189,203,215],"intensify":[17],"treatment":[18],"in":[19,42,113],"context":[21],"of":[22,65,94,100,140,183],"increasing":[24],"stroke":[25,105,127],"incidence.":[26],"A":[27,62],"comprehensive":[28],"meta-analysis":[29,52],"provide":[31],"firmer":[32],"data":[33],"about":[34],"topic":[36],"by":[37,208],"considering":[38],"methodology":[39],"limitations":[40],"discovered":[41],"previous":[43],"reviews":[44],"providing":[46],"more":[47],"rigorous":[48],"evidence.":[49],"OBJECTIVE:":[50],"This":[51],"study":[53],"identifies":[54],"RAT's":[55],"efficacy":[56,99],"for":[57,86,102,191,212],"patients":[58,103,125,192,216],"with":[59,104,126,193,217],"stroke.":[60,194,218],"METHODS:":[61],"systematic":[63],"search":[64],"7":[67],"databases":[68],"from":[69,128],"January":[70],"10":[71],"February":[73],"1,":[74],"2022,":[75],"located":[76],"relevant":[77],"publications.":[78],"We":[79],"used":[80],"updated":[82],"Cochrane":[83],"risk-of-bias":[84],"checklist":[85],"52":[87,129],"trials":[88],"assess":[90],"methodologic":[92],"quality":[93,139,182],"included":[96,123],"studies.":[97],"The":[98,120],"RAT":[101,134],"was":[106,135],"estimated":[107],"using":[108],"a":[109],"pooled":[110],"random-effects":[111],"model":[112],"Stata":[115],"16":[116],"software":[117],"application.":[118],"RESULTS:":[119],"final":[121],"analysis":[122],"2774":[124],"trials.":[130],"In":[131],"those":[132],"patients,":[133],"proven":[136],"improve":[138,180,205],"movement":[141],"(mean":[142,154],"difference,":[143,155,167],"0.15;":[144],"95%":[145,157,169],"confidence":[146,158,170],"interval,":[147,159,171],"0.03-0.28)":[148],"reduce":[151,186],"balance":[152,187],"disturbances":[153,188],"-1.28;":[156],"-2.48":[160],"-0.09)":[162],"pain":[164,190],"(standardized":[165],"mean":[166],"-0.34;":[168],"-0.58":[172],"-0.09).":[174],"CONCLUSIONS:":[175],"seems":[178],"mobility":[184],"These":[195],"findings":[196],"will":[197],"help":[198],"develop":[199],"advanced":[200],"rehabilitation":[201],"robots":[202],"health":[206,210],"outcomes":[207],"facilitating":[209],"services":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-09-19T00:00:00"}