{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296297635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","title":"Computerized handwriting evaluation and statistical reports for children in the age of primary school","display_name":"Computerized handwriting evaluation and statistical reports for children in the age of primary school","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296297635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36123417","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9485126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19913-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19913-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075099742","display_name":"Shao\u2010Hsia Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-4729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-4729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shao-Hsia Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053533181","display_name":"Nan\u2010Ying Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8363-6754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8363-6754"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan-Ying Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan. ying@isu.edu.tw","Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan. ying@isu.edu.tw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053533181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"fwci":3.1152,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91758579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"15675","last_page":"15675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12241","display_name":"Children's Physical and Motor Development","score":0.05220000073313713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-assessment","display_name":"handwriting assessment","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-kinematics","display_name":"handwriting kinematics","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-performance","display_name":"handwriting performance","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"motor control","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typically-developing-children","display_name":"typically developing children","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-development","display_name":"motor development","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"psychometrics","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant-validity","display_name":"discriminant validity","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-consistency","display_name":"internal consistency","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9351886510848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6453526020050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48047226667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45707377791404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4382777512073517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4301179051399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.4199780523777008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169976356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13208902","display_name":"Motor skill","level":2,"score":0.41664573550224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3587456941604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3433632254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.26587098836898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20474815368652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10204115509986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19913-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36123417","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36123417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9485126","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9485126/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c52ad0925037489b85eba5024b16309e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c52ad0925037489b85eba5024b16309e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19913-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19913-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7337376100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISU-108-01-15A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322201","funder_display_name":"I-Shou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7475922963","display_name":"Design and Clinical Application of Motor Praxis and Core Stabilization Exergaming System for Children with Neurobehavior Disorders","funder_award_id":"MOST106-2221-E214-022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322201","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296297635.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296297635.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204695230","https://openalex.org/W1537222052","https://openalex.org/W1592801377","https://openalex.org/W1965550831","https://openalex.org/W1970643702","https://openalex.org/W1970868395","https://openalex.org/W1973199860","https://openalex.org/W1987057544","https://openalex.org/W1993760488","https://openalex.org/W2021643150","https://openalex.org/W2030681522","https://openalex.org/W2039240409","https://openalex.org/W2039676668","https://openalex.org/W2049735455","https://openalex.org/W2062002104","https://openalex.org/W2132793534","https://openalex.org/W2136378678","https://openalex.org/W2138784307","https://openalex.org/W2148998286","https://openalex.org/W2155063787","https://openalex.org/W2170625539","https://openalex.org/W2326013656","https://openalex.org/W2593074659","https://openalex.org/W2605646447","https://openalex.org/W2737308952","https://openalex.org/W2803253728","https://openalex.org/W2808741319","https://openalex.org/W2907902276","https://openalex.org/W2999517748","https://openalex.org/W3085294374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W153458111","https://openalex.org/W1984061236","https://openalex.org/W7170198815","https://openalex.org/W2030681522","https://openalex.org/W2170781453","https://openalex.org/W2906832258","https://openalex.org/W4283365613","https://openalex.org/W4318918373","https://openalex.org/W2001626204","https://openalex.org/W1987057544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,122],"study":[1,66,123],"proposed":[2],"a":[3,229],"novel":[4],"computational":[5],"method":[6],"for":[7,119,133,194,238],"evaluating":[8],"logographic":[9],"handwriting.":[10],"It":[11],"can":[12],"precisely":[13],"evaluate":[14],"both":[15],"the":[16,20,30,38,65,74,135,139,152,155,159,177,181,187,191,207,211,214,250],"handwriting":[17,25,128,164,178,196],"product":[18],"and":[19,33,86,89,91,163,166,170,172,241],"process.":[21],"The":[22,95,110],"measures":[23,182,201],"included":[24],"performance":[26],"as":[27,29],"well":[28],"temporospatial,":[31],"kinematics,":[32],"kinetics":[34],"features.":[35],"For":[36],"examining":[37],"psychometrics":[39],"of":[40,67,103,138,144,154,158,199],"this":[41],"comprehensive":[42],"evaluation":[43,140,243],"system,":[44],"typical":[45],"development":[46,162,240],"children":[47,106,126,218],"aged":[48],"6":[49],"to":[50,56,116,150,225,249],"9":[51],"years":[52],"old":[53],"(grade":[54],"1":[55,224],"grade":[57,223,226],"3)":[58,171],"(n":[59,107,130],"=":[60,108,131],"641)":[61],"were":[62],"involved":[63],"in":[64,247],"factor":[68,76],"analysis.":[69],"From":[70],"twelve":[71,200],"measuring":[72],"variables,":[73],"exploratory":[75],"analysis":[77],"extracted":[78],"five":[79,251],"factors":[80],"(handwriting":[81],"performance,":[82],"motor":[83,239],"control,":[84],"speed":[85],"automation,":[87],"halt":[88],"exertion,":[90],"\"in":[92],"air\"":[93],"events).":[94],"test":[96,151],"reliability":[97],"was":[98,148],"confirmed":[99],"by":[100],"further":[101,124],"recruitment":[102],"typically":[104],"developing":[105],"242).":[109],"internal":[111],"consistency":[112],"mostly":[113],"demonstrated":[114,219],"good":[115],"excellent":[117],"results":[118],"every":[120],"measure.":[121],"recruited":[125],"with":[127],"difficulties":[129],"33)":[132],"testing":[134],"discriminative":[136,192],"validity":[137,193],"system.":[141],"A":[142],"series":[143],"two-way":[145],"ANOVA":[146],"tests":[147],"conducted":[149],"significance":[153],"main":[156],"effects":[157,175],"groups":[160],"(typical":[161],"deficit)":[165],"grades":[167,212],"(1,":[168],"2,":[169],"their":[173,233],"interaction":[174,204],"on":[176],"measures.":[179],"All":[180],"showed":[183,202],"significant":[184,203],"differences":[185],"between":[186,213],"two":[188,215],"groups,":[189],"indicating":[190,206],"identifying":[195],"deficits.":[197],"Seven":[198],"effects,":[205],"different":[208],"trends":[209],"across":[210],"groups.":[216],"Typically-developing":[217],"ongoing":[220],"progress":[221],"from":[222],"3,":[227],"suggesting":[228],"developmental":[230],"trend":[231],"during":[232],"early":[234],"school":[235],"age.":[236],"Implications":[237],"clinical":[242],"are":[244],"discussed":[245],"herein":[246],"relation":[248],"dimensions.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-09-19T00:00:00"}