{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296100740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186753","title":"Modeling of Fuel Cells Characteristics in Relation to Real Driving Conditions of FCHEV Vehicles","display_name":"Modeling of Fuel Cells Characteristics in Relation to Real Driving Conditions of FCHEV Vehicles","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296100740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en15186753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/18/6753/pdf?version=1663556048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/18/6753/pdf?version=1663556048","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026743063","display_name":"Ireneusz Pielecha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-635X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-635X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ireneusz Pielecha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-635X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026743063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"fwci":0.8219,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67068514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"18","first_page":"6753","last_page":"6753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.6855000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.6855000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.3107999861240387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-vehicles","display_name":"fuel cell vehicles","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells","display_name":"proton exchange membrane fuel cells","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-stack-modeling","display_name":"fuel cell stack modeling","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-world-driving-conditions","display_name":"real driving conditions","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-loss","display_name":"activation loss","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ohmic-losses","display_name":"ohmic losses","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-transport-losses","display_name":"mass transport losses","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-voltage-characteristics","display_name":"current-voltage characteristics","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toyota-mirai","display_name":"Toyota Mirai","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-operating-conditions","display_name":"fuel cell operating conditions","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.7089763879776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5980490446090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.575663685798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.5357156991958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.48296111822128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.45899373292922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.44606414437294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4114680886268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4034911096096039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.35702988505363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.34811580181121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28879332542419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18387937545776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0618647038936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en15186753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/18/6753/pdf?version=1663556048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:18:p:6753-:d:916177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/18/6753/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62f2013ab7b942669b0b0651b5c3cc32","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62f2013ab7b942669b0b0651b5c3cc32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 15, Iss 18, p 6753 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en15186753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186753","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/18/6753/pdf?version=1663556048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.46149998903274536}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296100740.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296100740.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W275231307","https://openalex.org/W2059950024","https://openalex.org/W2081308518","https://openalex.org/W2595160156","https://openalex.org/W2623383913","https://openalex.org/W2795554528","https://openalex.org/W2892199147","https://openalex.org/W2906257633","https://openalex.org/W2946580409","https://openalex.org/W3004598316","https://openalex.org/W3021724836","https://openalex.org/W3110399280","https://openalex.org/W3125487225","https://openalex.org/W3161160299","https://openalex.org/W3196717362","https://openalex.org/W3199088632","https://openalex.org/W4210799239","https://openalex.org/W4220666591","https://openalex.org/W4223958836","https://openalex.org/W4229063627","https://openalex.org/W4283713189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417198413","https://openalex.org/W2078040491","https://openalex.org/W3196262752","https://openalex.org/W7125522340","https://openalex.org/W4415680833","https://openalex.org/W3166326107","https://openalex.org/W3193724985","https://openalex.org/W2124563174","https://openalex.org/W6981654222","https://openalex.org/W4309175813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fuel":[0],"cells":[1,56,69,98,144,156,191,221],"are":[2,192],"one":[3],"of":[4,8,18,22,46,54,79,142,168,178,205],"the":[5,19,25,77,121,155,166,173,183,190,216,219],"zero-emission":[6],"elements":[7],"modern":[9],"automotive":[10],"drive":[11],"systems.":[12],"This":[13],"article":[14],"presents":[15],"theoretical":[16],"identification":[17],"component":[20],"parameters":[21],"indicators":[23],"for":[24,59,186],"fuel":[26,55,68,97,114,143,174,179,220],"cell":[27,48,115,180],"operating":[28,70,157],"conditions.":[29,82,158,202],"Activation,":[30],"ohmic,":[31],"and":[32,63,74,86,131],"mass":[33],"transport":[34],"losses":[35,170,181,188,207],"were":[36,40,57,72,89,93],"identified.":[37],"Current\u2013voltage":[38],"characteristics":[39,53],"provided":[41],"along":[42],"with":[43,95,146],"an":[44],"analysis":[45,177],"typical":[47],"losses.":[49],"The":[50,67,91,112,138,176,203],"actual":[51],"performance":[52],"analyzed":[58,75],"Toyota":[60],"Mirai":[61],"I":[62],"II":[64],"generation":[65],"vehicles.":[66],"conditions":[71,88,164,214],"derived":[73],"in":[76,151,154,161,199,211],"context":[78],"real":[80],"driving":[81,122,136,201,213],"Therefore,":[83],"urban,":[84],"rural,":[85],"motorway":[87,132,200],"used.":[90],"vehicles":[92],"equipped":[94],"PEM":[96],"supplying":[99],"power":[100,117,140],"equal":[101],"to":[102,172],"114":[103],"kW":[104,109],"(1st":[105],"gen.)":[106],"or":[107],"128":[108],"(2nd":[110],"gen.).":[111],"average":[113],"stack":[116],"values":[118,185],"depend":[119],"on":[120,218],"conditions:":[123],"urban":[124,212],"(about":[125,133],"10":[126],"kW),":[127],"rural":[128],"(20":[129],"kW)":[130,135],"30\u201340":[134],"modes.":[137],"different":[139,147],"ratings":[141],"combined":[145],"battery":[148],"generations":[149],"resulted":[150],"a":[152],"variation":[153],"Analyses":[159],"conducted":[160],"various":[162],"traffic":[163],"indicated":[165],"possibility":[167],"determining":[169],"related":[171],"cells.":[175],"shows":[182],"greatest":[184],"activation":[187],"when":[189,215],"under":[193],"high":[194],"load":[195,217],"(for":[196],"both":[197],"generations)\u2014i.e.,":[198],"voltage":[204],"resistive":[206],"reached":[208],"its":[209],"maximum":[210],"was":[222],"small.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2022-09-17T00:00:00"}
