{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295915696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010","title":"Schizophrenia After Prenatal Exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945","display_name":"Schizophrenia After Prenatal Exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295915696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1449385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126359496","display_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","issn_l":"0003-990X","issn":["0003-990X","1538-3636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4295915696"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050925561","display_name":"Ezra Susser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-4826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-4826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ezra S. Susser","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S P Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S P Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050925561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.2862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":740,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99395532,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"12","first_page":"983","last_page":"983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11629","display_name":"Birth, Development, and Health","score":0.6352999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11629","display_name":"Birth, Development, and Health","score":0.6352999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.33059999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10786","display_name":"Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dutch-hunger-winter","display_name":"Dutch Hunger Winter","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/famine","display_name":"famine","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-trimester","display_name":"first trimester","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-nutrition","display_name":"maternal nutrition","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia-risk","display_name":"schizophrenia risk","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalized-women","display_name":"hospitalized women","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-cohort","display_name":"birth cohort","score":0.5370000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778589402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168247","display_name":"Famine","level":2,"score":0.9021917581558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.7111647129058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4758025109767914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45244142413139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4431169927120209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.4318528175354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.4272798001766205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.42706114053726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3842760920524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.37921133637428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2288200557231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1804634928703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12435096502304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009426","descriptor_name":"Netherlands","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011261","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Trimester, First","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011297","descriptor_name":"Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013217","descriptor_name":"Starvation","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014857","descriptor_name":"Warfare","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126359496","display_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","issn_l":"0003-990X","issn":["0003-990X","1538-3636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1449385","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1449385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of general psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.40450000762939453,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993206740","https://openalex.org/W2035240733","https://openalex.org/W2068200113","https://openalex.org/W4231681729","https://openalex.org/W1749255537","https://openalex.org/W2792504624","https://openalex.org/W2145098771","https://openalex.org/W2112349283","https://openalex.org/W2528393766","https://openalex.org/W2087504933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"tested":[1],"the":[2,23,27,59,79,112,130,134,158,176,188],"hypothesis":[3,48],"that":[4,178],"first-trimester":[5],"exposure":[6,146],"to":[7,36,45,67,147,153,175],"acute":[8],"food":[9,24,69,109,155],"deprivation":[10,70,110,156],"is":[11],"a":[12,31,39,83,162,184],"risk":[13,126,166,189],"factor":[14],"for":[15,89,93,97,101,105,169],"schizophrenia.":[16,107,191],"A":[17],"sharp":[18],"and":[19,56,103,136,142],"time-limited":[20],"decline":[21],"in":[22,34,49,86,129],"intake":[25],"of":[26,52,127,167,190],"Dutch":[28],"population":[29],"following":[30],"Nazi":[32],"blockade":[33],"1944":[35],"1945":[37],"created":[38],"unique":[40],"if":[41],"tragic":[42],"natural":[43],"experiment":[44],"test":[46],"this":[47],"three":[50],"regions":[51],"Holland":[53],"(west,":[54],"north,":[55],"south).":[57],"In":[58,133],"west,":[60],"or":[61],"famine":[62,131],"region,":[63],"birth":[64],"cohorts":[65,151],"exposed":[66,152],"severe":[68,148],"(an":[71],"average":[72],"daily":[73,116],"ration":[74,117],"under":[75,118],"4200":[76],"kJ)":[77,120],"during":[78,111,157],"first":[80,113,159],"trimester":[81,114,160],"showed":[82,161],"substantial":[84],"increase":[85],"hospitalized":[87],"schizophrenia":[88,128,168],"women":[90,98],"but":[91],"not":[92,122],"men.":[94],"Relative":[95],"risks":[96],"were":[99,140],"2.17":[100],"\"broad\"":[102],"2.56":[104],"\"restricted\"":[106],"Moderate":[108],"(average":[115],"6300":[119],"was":[121,144],"associated":[123],"with":[124],"increased":[125,165],"region.":[132],"north":[135],"south":[137],"regions,":[138],"numbers":[139],"smaller":[141],"there":[143],"no":[145],"famine.":[149],"Birth":[150],"moderate":[154],"trend":[163],"toward":[164],"women.":[170],"These":[171],"findings":[172],"give":[173],"plausibility":[174],"proposition":[177],"early":[179],"prenatal":[180],"nutrition":[181],"can":[182],"have":[183],"gender-specific":[185],"effect":[186],"on":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2022-09-16T00:00:00"}
