{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295366565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159247-19","title":"From cordial to structural racism","display_name":"From cordial to structural racism","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295366565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159247-19"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781003159247-19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159247-19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159247-19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Routledge Handbook of Afro-Latin American Studies","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295367326","display_name":"Routledge Handbook of Afro-Latin American Studies"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012830738","display_name":"Fl\u00e1via Rios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-0644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-0644"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavia Rios","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063661024","display_name":"Jaciane Milanezi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-5345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-5345"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaciane Milanezi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34474247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"175","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13868","display_name":"Afro-Latin American Studies","score":0.3921000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13868","display_name":"Afro-Latin American Studies","score":0.3921000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12498","display_name":"Latin American Cultural Politics","score":0.17960000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12109","display_name":"Race, Identity, and Education in Brazil","score":0.15109999477863312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism","display_name":"racism","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-racism","display_name":"structural racism","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersectionality","display_name":"intersectionality","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoloniality","display_name":"decoloniality","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miscegenation","display_name":"miscegenation","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whitening","display_name":"whitening","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mestizaje","display_name":"mestizaje","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-democracy","display_name":"racial democracy","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-inequality","display_name":"racial inequality","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-political-organizations","display_name":"Black political organizations","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-political-organization","display_name":"indigenous political organization","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-policy","display_name":"racial policy","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america","display_name":"Latin America","score":0.7049999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.6943570971488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32034748792648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.1644217073917389}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781003159247-19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159247-19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159247-19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Routledge Handbook of Afro-Latin American Studies","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6207000017166138,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3181655715","https://openalex.org/W3008625745","https://openalex.org/W7112218119","https://openalex.org/W4408478580","https://openalex.org/W7137516361","https://openalex.org/W2003687454","https://openalex.org/W6903431910","https://openalex.org/W7120641347","https://openalex.org/W4377096831","https://openalex.org/W1848314735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Racism":[0],"in":[1,80,100,159,170,256,268,282,331],"Latin":[2,48,81,332],"America":[3],"has":[4,165,313],"been":[5,110],"strongly":[6],"marked":[7],"by":[8,18,162,226],"analyzes":[9,19],"of":[10,20,27,38,87,92,114,126,133,136,143,153,173,177,202,211,259,280,299,327],"national":[11],"ideologies,":[12],"including":[13],"miscegenation":[14,128],"and":[15,17,41,90,106,130,145,229,242,248,273,296,317],"whitening,":[16],"social":[21,118,134,206,260],"class.":[22],"During":[23],"the":[24,28,45,47,57,63,85,101,112,124,127,131,141,151,157,160,171,193,200,209,239,257,269,278,283,293,329],"first":[25],"half":[26],"20th":[29],"century,":[30],"nation-building":[31],"projects":[32,55],"had":[33],"a":[34,78,174,180,205,302,315,324],"fairly":[35],"positive":[36],"view":[37],"racial":[39,83,88,94,154,190],"mixture":[40],"sought":[42],"to":[43,199,222,322],"make":[44],"mestizo":[46],"American":[49,82],"regional":[50],"symbol.":[51],"In":[52],"addition,":[53],"whitening":[54],"for":[56],"population":[58],"were":[59,184],"also":[60,237,252],"underway":[61],"throughout":[62],"region,":[64],"such":[65],"as":[66,204,308],"immigration":[67],"policies":[68,183,215],"which":[69,149,186,285,320],"favored":[70],"European":[71],"immigrants.":[72],"Since":[73],"then,":[74],"scholars":[75,241],"have":[76,109,197,219,236,251,265],"identified":[77],"paradox":[79],"formation,":[84],"coexistence":[86],"inequality":[89],"ideologies":[91],"porous":[93],"conviviality.":[95],"Despite":[96],"this":[97,115],"historical":[98],"pattern,":[99],"last":[102,194,234],"40":[103],"years,":[104],"democratic":[105],"constitutional":[107],"reforms":[108],"challenging":[111],"prevalence":[113],"paradox.":[116],"Some":[117],"processes":[119],"might":[120],"even":[121],"be":[122,223],"changing":[123],"influence":[125],"paradigm":[129],"lack":[132],"recognition":[135,176],"racism.":[137,178,300],"Here,":[138],"we":[139],"stress":[140],"expansion":[142],"Black":[144],"Indigenous":[146],"political":[147,243],"organizations":[148,164],"criticize":[150],"perspective":[152],"democracy.":[155],"Furthermore,":[156],"interference":[158],"State":[161],"these":[163,233],"played":[166],"an":[167],"important":[168],"role":[169],"adoption":[172],"formal":[175],"As":[179,301],"consequence,":[181],"public":[182],"implemented,":[185],"aimed":[187],"at":[188],"mitigating":[189],"inequality.":[191],"Therefore,":[192],"four":[195],"decades":[196,235],"contributed":[198],"perception":[201],"racism":[203,221,281,312],"problem,":[207],"yet":[208],"existence":[210],"backlash":[212],"against":[213],"those":[214],"continues.":[216],"Such":[217],"changes":[218,255],"caused":[220],"increasingly":[224],"explained":[225],"its":[227],"structural":[228,316],"intersectional":[230],"dimensions.":[231],"Consequently,":[232],"changed":[238],"way":[240],"activists":[244],"are":[245],"explaining":[246],"racism,":[247],"thus,":[249],"they":[250],"included":[253],"epistemological":[254],"field":[258],"sciences.":[261],"Indeed,":[262],"two":[263],"paradigms":[264],"gained":[266,314],"importance":[267],"academic":[270],"debate:":[271],"intersectionality":[272],"decoloniality.":[274],"Additionally,":[275],"both":[276],"impact":[277],"conception":[279],"region":[284],"is":[286],"now":[287],"associated":[288],"with":[289],"terms":[290],"that":[291],"denote":[292],"structural,":[294],"systematic,":[295],"gendered":[297],"aspects":[298],"result,":[303],"far":[304],"from":[305],"being":[306],"described":[307],"cordial":[309],"or":[310],"subtle,":[311],"systemic":[318],"adjective,":[319],"appears":[321],"indicate":[323],"new":[325],"language":[326],"expressing":[328],"phenomenon":[330],"America.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-09-13T00:00:00"}
