{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295129727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830422x16600594683391","title":"Escaping (COVID)-19 Through Webcam-Travel: An Application Of the Social Psychological Model of Tourism Motivation","display_name":"Escaping (COVID)-19 Through Webcam-Travel: An Application Of the Social Psychological Model of Tourism Motivation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295129727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830422x16600594683391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3727/109830422x16600594683391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830422x16600594683391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830422x16600594683391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39854068","display_name":"Tourism Culture & Communication","issn_l":"1098-304X","issn":["1098-304X","1943-4146"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Culture & Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/id/eprint/43938/11/TCC%2023%232-3%20pp.%20103-112.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078864742","display_name":"David Jarratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-428X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-428X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Jarratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Business, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK","The School of Business, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK PR1 2HE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Business, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Business, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK PR1 2HE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006998429","display_name":"Sean James Gammon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-8763","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-8763"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","display_name":"University of Lancashire","ror":"https://ror.org/010jbqd54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean J. Gammon","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Business, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK","The School of Business, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK PR1 2HE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Business, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Business, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK PR1 2HE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078864742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13961125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"103","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-tourism","display_name":"virtual tourism","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-lockdown","display_name":"COVID-19 lockdown","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escape-motivation","display_name":"escape motivation","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasocial-relationships","display_name":"parasocial relationships","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/push-and-pull-factors","display_name":"push and pull factors","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nostalgia","display_name":"nostalgia","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.779233455657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.7383495569229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6656941771507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6082882285118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776687071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265193","display_name":"Destinations","level":3,"score":0.5825035572052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.4856902062892914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73282008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895","display_name":"Coping (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4781559407711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.4505501389503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.42702871561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.40889206528663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3905096650123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25338226556777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.23321911692619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15532228350639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3727/109830422x16600594683391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830422x16600594683391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830422x16600594683391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39854068","display_name":"Tourism Culture & Communication","issn_l":"1098-304X","issn":["1098-304X","1943-4146"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Culture & Communication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:43938","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/id/eprint/43938/1/Webcam%20travel%20Jarratt%20and%20Gammon%202nd%20submission%20March%202022.docx","pdf_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/id/eprint/43938/11/TCC%2023%232-3%20pp.%20103-112.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:43938","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/id/eprint/43938/1/Webcam%20travel%20Jarratt%20and%20Gammon%202nd%20submission%20March%202022.docx","pdf_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/id/eprint/43938/11/TCC%2023%232-3%20pp.%20103-112.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402361","display_name":"CLOK (University of Central Lancashire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185852735","host_organization_name":"University of Lancashire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185852735"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6800000071525574}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295129727.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295129727.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131422957","https://openalex.org/W1554035063","https://openalex.org/W1656810637","https://openalex.org/W2003903489","https://openalex.org/W2009364773","https://openalex.org/W2012372079","https://openalex.org/W2012944310","https://openalex.org/W2014477093","https://openalex.org/W2073211193","https://openalex.org/W2080671524","https://openalex.org/W2081113965","https://openalex.org/W2083990905","https://openalex.org/W2091241818","https://openalex.org/W2094588143","https://openalex.org/W2097305682","https://openalex.org/W2107702439","https://openalex.org/W2152953506","https://openalex.org/W3040660832","https://openalex.org/W3047888467","https://openalex.org/W3091799166","https://openalex.org/W3102732045","https://openalex.org/W3103523103","https://openalex.org/W3108439422","https://openalex.org/W3119787351","https://openalex.org/W3126135051","https://openalex.org/W3208873738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539266347","https://openalex.org/W2267913355","https://openalex.org/W2788570199","https://openalex.org/W2000787479","https://openalex.org/W4248006302","https://openalex.org/W1488904332","https://openalex.org/W2066920355","https://openalex.org/W4256453413","https://openalex.org/W3135535244","https://openalex.org/W3045785873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1,110],"of":[2,37,99],"webcams":[3],"to":[4,31,53,63,74,81,91,105,108,149],"virtually":[5],"visit":[6],"destinations":[7],"has,":[8],"over":[9],"the":[10,20,27,35,45,49,77,95,128,145,150,158],"last":[11],"decade,":[12],"generated":[13],"much":[14],"interest\u2013none":[15],"more":[16],"so":[17],"than":[18],"during":[19,111],"COVID-19":[21],"lockdowns.":[22],"As":[23],"countless":[24],"millions":[25],"across":[26],"globe":[28],"were":[29,117],"forced":[30],"stay":[32],"at":[33,127],"home,":[34],"practice":[36,68],"webcam-travel":[38],"significantly":[39],"increased,":[40],"with":[41,141,164],"preliminary":[42],"studies":[43],"finding":[44],"key":[46],"drivers":[47],"for":[48],"growth":[50],"in":[51,139],"usage":[52],"be":[54],"freedom,":[55],"nostalgia,":[56],"and":[57,86,160,167,174],"connectiveness.":[58],"However,":[59],"it":[60],"was":[61,69,103],"unclear":[62],"what":[64],"extent":[65],"that":[66,115,136,155],"such":[67,170],"born":[70],"from":[71,76],"a":[72],"desire":[73],"escape":[75],"lockdown":[78,142],"experience":[79],"or":[80],"seek":[82],"out":[83,132],"(virtually)":[84],"new":[85],"familiar":[87],"places.":[88],"In":[89],"order":[90],"explore":[92],"this":[93],"further":[94],"Social":[96],"Psychological":[97],"Model":[98],"Tourism":[100],"Motivation":[101],"(SPTMTM)":[102],"applied":[104],"findings":[106],"related":[107],"webcam":[109],"lockdown,":[112],"which":[113],"indicate":[114],"users":[116],"both":[118],"escaping":[119],"environments":[120,135],"they":[121],"found":[122],"stressful":[123],"and/or":[124],"demanding,":[125],"while":[126],"same":[129],"time":[130],"seeking":[131],"specific":[133],"compensatory":[134],"collectively":[137],"helped":[138],"coping":[140],"restrictions.":[143],"Furthermore,":[144],"model":[146],"brought":[147],"attention":[148],"often":[151],"hidden":[152],"interpersonal":[153],"components":[154],"impact":[156],"upon":[157],"push":[159],"pull":[161],"factors":[162],"associated":[163],"webcam-travel,":[165],"introducing":[166],"augmenting":[168],"concepts":[169],"as":[171],"virtual":[172],"fl??nerie":[173],"anthropomorphic":[175],"parasocial":[176],"relationships.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}