{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294983271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091390","title":"The Effect of Tillage Systems and Weed Control Methods on the Yield and Quality of Spelt Grain (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.)","display_name":"The Effect of Tillage Systems and Weed Control Methods on the Yield and Quality of Spelt Grain (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294983271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture12091390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091390","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1390/pdf?version=1662293603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1390/pdf?version=1662293603","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067211242","display_name":"Sylwia Weso\u0142owska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-9239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-9239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158552681","display_name":"University of Life Sciences in Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/03hq67y94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylwia Weso\u0142owska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007766084","display_name":"Dariusz Dani\u0142kiewicz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158552681","display_name":"University of Life Sciences in Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/03hq67y94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dariusz Dani\u0142kiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080330438","display_name":"Dorota Gaw\u0119da","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-4725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-4725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158552681","display_name":"University of Life Sciences in Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/03hq67y94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorota Gaw\u0119da","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-4725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052059536","display_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Haliniarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-9452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-9452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158552681","display_name":"University of Life Sciences in Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/03hq67y94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Haliniarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-9452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028141297","display_name":"Hubert Rusecki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158552681","display_name":"University of Life Sciences in Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/03hq67y94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert Rusecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008026735","display_name":"Justyna \u0141ukasz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-5273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-5273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158552681","display_name":"University of Life Sciences in Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/03hq67y94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justyna \u0141ukasz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-5273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052059536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158552681"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1885},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1885},"fwci":0.6514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62512088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"1390","last_page":"1390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.7515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.7515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.2321999967098236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelt-wheat","display_name":"spelt wheat","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triticum-aestivum-ssp-spelta","display_name":"Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-tillage","display_name":"reduced tillage","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-tillage","display_name":"conventional tillage","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-weed-control","display_name":"mechanical weed control","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-rate","display_name":"herbicide application rate","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-quality","display_name":"grain quality","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1000-grain-weight","display_name":"1000-grain weight","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-weight-per-ear","display_name":"grain weight per ear","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harrowing","display_name":"harrowing","score":0.8830000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16397148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878333","display_name":"Tillage","level":2,"score":0.8183380365371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.8051073551177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.8010094165802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.7623929977416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.6235159039497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780696901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166322","display_name":"Conventional tillage","level":3,"score":0.565944492816925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16249780","display_name":"Grain quality","level":2,"score":0.47008466720581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.446311354637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4242335557937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4216362535953522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.4139106273651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40811964869499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.15967726707458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture12091390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091390","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1390/pdf?version=1662293603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:9:p:1390-:d:906570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1390/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:773fb92d4f244e3babae493ba6667d63","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/773fb92d4f244e3babae493ba6667d63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 1390 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture12091390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091390","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1390/pdf?version=1662293603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322733","display_name":"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwvd537"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294983271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294983271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136117635","https://openalex.org/W182184055","https://openalex.org/W763271142","https://openalex.org/W1458299140","https://openalex.org/W1593125713","https://openalex.org/W1759407102","https://openalex.org/W1827337911","https://openalex.org/W1894983589","https://openalex.org/W1967353171","https://openalex.org/W1994269102","https://openalex.org/W2017030462","https://openalex.org/W2024996445","https://openalex.org/W2060484976","https://openalex.org/W2063862034","https://openalex.org/W2066788285","https://openalex.org/W2072183408","https://openalex.org/W2112181036","https://openalex.org/W2130280476","https://openalex.org/W2136201502","https://openalex.org/W2150738106","https://openalex.org/W2152534102","https://openalex.org/W2186715022","https://openalex.org/W2238399110","https://openalex.org/W2324844959","https://openalex.org/W2567785505","https://openalex.org/W2587936749","https://openalex.org/W2770722639","https://openalex.org/W2788221611","https://openalex.org/W2889362018","https://openalex.org/W2898215043","https://openalex.org/W2912899200","https://openalex.org/W2918929196","https://openalex.org/W2943189309","https://openalex.org/W2944365419","https://openalex.org/W2952571689","https://openalex.org/W2973117793","https://openalex.org/W2979031692","https://openalex.org/W2981110979","https://openalex.org/W2986449133","https://openalex.org/W2991486792","https://openalex.org/W3012329086","https://openalex.org/W3035588965","https://openalex.org/W3085516893","https://openalex.org/W3118166752","https://openalex.org/W3127177346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587936749","https://openalex.org/W1593125713","https://openalex.org/W7128338864","https://openalex.org/W1984496811","https://openalex.org/W4389736721","https://openalex.org/W7172568617","https://openalex.org/W1816102138","https://openalex.org/W2219472478","https://openalex.org/W4402375869","https://openalex.org/W2476852931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,82,96],"aim":[1],"of":[2,27,40,86,157],"this":[3],"three-year":[4],"field":[5],"experiment":[6],"was":[7],"to":[8,110,121],"determine":[9],"how":[10],"simplified":[11],"(reduced)":[12],"pre-planting":[13,106],"tillage":[14,36,42,107,127],"and":[15,23,37,70,94,134,142,160],"different":[16],"weed":[17,56,147],"control":[18,57],"methods":[19],"impact":[20],"the":[21,88,92,100,116,125,151],"yield":[22],"selected":[24],"quality":[25,118,140],"parameters":[26,119,141],"spelt":[28],"grain":[29,117,139,161],"(Triticum":[30],"aestivum":[31],"ssp.":[32],"spelta":[33],"L.).":[34],"Conventional":[35],"three":[38,53],"variants":[39],"reduced":[41,105,126,135],"(RT)":[43],"were":[44,108],"tested.":[45],"second":[47],"experimental":[48],"variable":[49],"(weed":[50],"control)":[51],"had":[52],"variants:":[54],"mechanical":[55,60,72,83],"(M),":[58],"combined":[59,71],"+":[61,73],"chemical":[62,74],"treatment":[63,75],"at":[64,76,132],"full":[65,133],"herbicide":[66,78],"rate":[67,79],"(MC":[68,80],"100%),":[69],"25%-reduced":[77],"75%).":[81],"method":[84],"consisted":[85],"harrowing":[87],"wheat":[89,101],"crop":[90],"in":[91],"fall":[93],"spring.":[95],"results":[97],"showed":[98],"that":[99],"yields":[102,143],"obtained":[103],"under":[104,112,124],"comparable":[109],"those":[111],"conventional":[113],"tillage.":[114],"However,":[115],"proved":[120],"be":[122],"worse":[123],"regimes.":[128],"Herbicide":[129],"applications,":[130],"both":[131],"rates,":[136],"significantly":[137],"improved":[138],"compared":[144],"with":[145],"mechanical-only":[146],"control.":[148],"In":[149],"particular,":[150],"herbicide-treated":[152],"crops":[153],"boasted":[154],"higher":[155],"values":[156],"thousand-kernel":[158],"weight":[159,162],"per":[163],"ear.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-09-08T00:00:00"}
