{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294968697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376","title":"Enhancing Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Pomegranate Crop by Using Fish Drainage Water with Bio-Fertilizer under Drip Irrigation System","display_name":"Enhancing Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Pomegranate Crop by Using Fish Drainage Water with Bio-Fertilizer under Drip Irrigation System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294968697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture12091376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1376/pdf?version=1662121967","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1376/pdf?version=1662121967","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088513472","display_name":"Mohamed A. M. Moursy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-7423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-7423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143517","display_name":"National Water Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04320xd69","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180606324","https://openalex.org/I4210143517"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. M. Moursy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saudi Irrigation Organization (SIO), Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia","Water Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, El-Qanater El-Khairiya 13621, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-7423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saudi Irrigation Organization (SIO), Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, El-Qanater El-Khairiya 13621, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025939068","display_name":"Amro Negm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-3056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-3056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amro Negm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Environmental-Sciences Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-3056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental-Sciences Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"H. G. Ghanem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. G. Ghanem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water and Irrigation System Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 4450113, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water and Irrigation System Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 4450113, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036035442","display_name":"Kamal I. Wasfy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-9332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-9332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130228804","display_name":"Heliopolis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tme6r37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130228804"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal I. Wasfy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","Faculty of Organic Agriculture, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Al Salam City 11785, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-9332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Organic Agriculture, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Al Salam City 11785, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130228804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025939068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1885},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1885},"fwci":0.7386,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6817436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"1376","last_page":"1376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.6708999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.6708999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.1559000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.11670000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pomegranate","display_name":"Punica granatum","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drip-irrigation","display_name":"drip irrigation","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofertilizers","display_name":"biofertilizers","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chicken-manure","display_name":"chicken manure","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compost","display_name":"compost","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-manure","display_name":"cattle manure","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-yield","display_name":"crop yield","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-returns","display_name":"net returns","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-fertilizer","display_name":"organic fertilizer","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egypt","display_name":"Egypt","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6933916211128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.6051381826400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5978603363037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780739461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212254","display_name":"Compost","level":2,"score":0.5534906387329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5283915400505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38304854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185716","display_name":"Manure","level":2,"score":0.5225039124488831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.5108046531677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4531358778476715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.4514937102794647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22823983430862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09971630573272705}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture12091376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1376/pdf?version=1662121967","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:9:p:1376-:d:905377","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1376/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:064c56d2dc1b4f6bbb1dce1235b3bf43","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/064c56d2dc1b4f6bbb1dce1235b3bf43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 1376 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agriculture12091376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091376","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/9/1376/pdf?version=1662121967","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202585","display_name":"Agriculture","issn_l":"2077-0472","issn":["2077-0472"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294968697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294968697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228522174","https://openalex.org/W266077532","https://openalex.org/W606118790","https://openalex.org/W1537977841","https://openalex.org/W2031754159","https://openalex.org/W2120312641","https://openalex.org/W2318105934","https://openalex.org/W2470860955","https://openalex.org/W2561378357","https://openalex.org/W2589944550","https://openalex.org/W2595039641","https://openalex.org/W2624397964","https://openalex.org/W2746613645","https://openalex.org/W2756912109","https://openalex.org/W2804109283","https://openalex.org/W2885207853","https://openalex.org/W2957955223","https://openalex.org/W2964845662","https://openalex.org/W2969798919","https://openalex.org/W2982204046","https://openalex.org/W2995990083","https://openalex.org/W3003564277","https://openalex.org/W3032920543","https://openalex.org/W3034524615","https://openalex.org/W3045987981","https://openalex.org/W3082611340","https://openalex.org/W3096513480","https://openalex.org/W3169610890","https://openalex.org/W4253210064","https://openalex.org/W4283171829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765423113","https://openalex.org/W7132960965","https://openalex.org/W2071017193","https://openalex.org/W2318105934","https://openalex.org/W4399731374","https://openalex.org/W2045152735","https://openalex.org/W3096578357","https://openalex.org/W3045987981","https://openalex.org/W4220809984","https://openalex.org/W1967731349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fish":[0],"drainage":[1,116,150,183,193],"water":[2,6,27,88,102,117,194],"is":[3,56],"a":[4],"non-conventional":[5,86],"resource":[7,198],"that":[8,188],"can":[9],"be":[10,91,173,200],"exploited":[11],"for":[12,93],"irrigation":[13,94],"due":[14],"to":[15,59,84,90,127,172,203],"its":[16],"constituents":[17],"of":[18,32,43,54,64,69,75,95,101,108,155,191,222,233],"beneficial":[19],"nutrients,":[20],"signifying":[21],"it":[22],"as":[23,36,38,125,195],"environment-friendly":[24],"bio-fertilizers.":[25],"Limited":[26],"resources,":[28],"the":[29,47,70,73,119,132,159,189,209,215,231],"elevated":[30],"cost":[31,211],"mineral":[33],"fertilizers":[34],"hazards":[35],"well":[37],"attaining":[39],"healthy":[40],"food":[41],"are":[42],"paramount":[44],"significance":[45],"in":[46,50,140],"agriculture":[48],"sector":[49],"Egypt.":[51],"The":[52,153,185],"utilization":[53],"bio-fertilizers":[55,109],"an":[57,196,201,227],"avenue":[58],"fulfil":[60],"agricultural":[61],"sustainability,":[62],"production":[63],"clean":[65],"crops":[66],"and":[67,78,105,138,144,167,176,212,218],"preservation":[68],"soil":[71],"from":[72],"accumulation":[74],"heavy":[76],"metals":[77],"chemicals.":[79],"Hence,":[80],"this":[81],"study":[82,186],"aims":[83],"find":[85],"alternative":[87,202],"resources":[89,100],"used":[92],"pomegranate":[96],"fruit":[97],"yield.":[98,219],"Two":[99],"were":[103,110,170],"utilized,":[104],"three":[106],"types":[107],"applied.":[111],"Results":[112],"showed":[113,187],"that,":[114],"fish":[115,149,182,192],"increased":[118,131],"total":[120,133,210],"yield":[121,134],"(kg/fed)":[122,135],"by":[123,136],"25.2%":[124],"compared":[126],"freshwater.":[128],"Chicken":[129],"manure":[130,157],"22.37":[137],"11.89%":[139],"comparison":[141],"with":[142],"cattle":[143,168],"compost":[145,166],"organic":[146,197],"fertilizer":[147,224],"under":[148,180],"water,":[151],"respectively.":[152],"use":[154,190],"chicken":[156],"yielded":[158],"highest":[160],"net":[161,216],"return":[162],"(2420.79US":[163],"$/fed),":[164,178],"while":[165],"dung":[169],"found":[171],"(2123.52US":[174],"$/fed)":[175],"(1721.66US":[177],"respectively,":[179],"using":[181],"water.":[184],"would":[199,225],"commercial":[204,223],"fertilizers,":[205],"which":[206],"could":[207],"reduce":[208],"thus":[213],"increase":[214],"profit":[217],"Less":[220],"dependency":[221],"have":[226],"impact":[228],"on":[229],"reducing":[230],"emissions":[232],"CO2":[234],"mitigating":[235],"global":[236],"warming.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-09-08T00:00:00"}
