{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294920697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c05452","title":"Safe, Durable, and Sustainable Self-Powered Smart Contact Lenses","display_name":"Safe, Durable, and Sustainable Self-Powered Smart Contact Lenses","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294920697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c05452","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36069332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c05452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c05452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c05452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145476921","display_name":"ACS Nano","issn_l":"1936-0851","issn":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Nano","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101951735","display_name":"Dongwon Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-2001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-2001"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongwon Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054808219","display_name":"Jong Ik Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2528-8998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2528-8998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong Ik Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069685230","display_name":"Bohee Maeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-6682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-6682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohee Maeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017032904","display_name":"Seyeon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-4136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-4136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051360291","display_name":"Yongseok Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-9638","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-9638"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongseok Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-9638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021755526","display_name":"Moon Sung Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-5038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-5038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moon Sung Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041044782","display_name":"Jungyul Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-9466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-9466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jungyul Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-9466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101720535","display_name":"Jungwook Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-9080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-9080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jungwook Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-9080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041044782","https://openalex.org/A5101720535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90544207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"15827","last_page":"15836"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.4221000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.4221000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.3495999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.03840000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contact-lenses","display_name":"smart contact lenses","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-fuel-cells","display_name":"glucose fuel cells","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-powered-devices","display_name":"self-powered devices","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-electronics","display_name":"flexible electronics","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-detection","display_name":"diabetes detection","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187937830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175403","display_name":"Microelectronics","level":2,"score":0.7201980352401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6914889812469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4694599211215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.4479920566082001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21881925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503313","display_name":"Power density","level":3,"score":0.44561177492141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.4151259958744049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3561393618583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3259895443916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.30605027079582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2573990821838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24287068843841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07967269420623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c05452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c05452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c05452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145476921","display_name":"ACS Nano","issn_l":"1936-0851","issn":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Nano","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36069332","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36069332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS nano","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3977267065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1A2C1013103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5845485848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019002790007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334877","funder_display_name":"Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7465859196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2C2009093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8145073749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015M3D3A1A01064926","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334877","display_name":"Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/022r1q746"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1260935859","https://openalex.org/W1973856370","https://openalex.org/W1992011363","https://openalex.org/W2006146905","https://openalex.org/W2008870349","https://openalex.org/W2016441796","https://openalex.org/W2021733473","https://openalex.org/W2034317283","https://openalex.org/W2034488216","https://openalex.org/W2050813770","https://openalex.org/W2053550106","https://openalex.org/W2055793978","https://openalex.org/W2056262153","https://openalex.org/W2061499891","https://openalex.org/W2083646740","https://openalex.org/W2090162534","https://openalex.org/W2094236157","https://openalex.org/W2094255943","https://openalex.org/W2100980495","https://openalex.org/W2106586766","https://openalex.org/W2107158823","https://openalex.org/W2151767757","https://openalex.org/W2158329393","https://openalex.org/W2161338548","https://openalex.org/W2267991184","https://openalex.org/W2300098508","https://openalex.org/W2314802890","https://openalex.org/W2335514626","https://openalex.org/W2401926258","https://openalex.org/W2424003674","https://openalex.org/W2510335142","https://openalex.org/W2740710461","https://openalex.org/W2757260521","https://openalex.org/W2785523439","https://openalex.org/W2791630269","https://openalex.org/W2809003654","https://openalex.org/W2888588763","https://openalex.org/W2891779816","https://openalex.org/W2909056211","https://openalex.org/W2944227933","https://openalex.org/W2955934680","https://openalex.org/W2987418021","https://openalex.org/W2989939642","https://openalex.org/W2994565315","https://openalex.org/W3006183395","https://openalex.org/W3112722277","https://openalex.org/W3128122248","https://openalex.org/W3131009199","https://openalex.org/W3193905256","https://openalex.org/W3214688473","https://openalex.org/W4210263598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7033061318","https://openalex.org/W7042659739","https://openalex.org/W2891779816","https://openalex.org/W2296859352","https://openalex.org/W4324032855","https://openalex.org/W7014542036","https://openalex.org/W2034488216","https://openalex.org/W4381513256","https://openalex.org/W6995932743","https://openalex.org/W2785523439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"contact":[1,34],"lenses":[2,35,69,105],"have":[3],"the":[4,21,57,68,90,96,104,110,122,136,146],"potential":[5],"to":[6,72,127],"serve":[7],"as":[8],"noninvasive":[9],"healthcare":[10],"devices":[11],"or":[12,59],"virtual":[13],"displays.":[14],"However,":[15],"their":[16],"implementation":[17],"is":[18],"limited":[19],"by":[20,88],"lack":[22],"of":[23,82,95],"suitable":[24],"power":[25,55,80],"sources":[26],"for":[27,65],"microelectronic":[28],"devices.":[29],"This":[30],"Article":[31],"demonstrates":[32],"smart":[33],"with":[36],"fully":[37],"embedded":[38],"glucose":[39,75,138],"fuel":[40,51,97,111,123],"cells":[41,52,124],"that":[42],"are":[43],"safe,":[44],"flexible,":[45],"and":[46,92,142],"durable":[47],"against":[48],"deformations.":[49],"These":[50],"produced":[53],"stable":[54],"throughout":[56],"day":[58],"during":[60],"intermittent":[61],"use":[62],"after":[63,102],"storage":[64],"weeks.":[66],"When":[67],"were":[70,125],"exposed":[71],"0.05":[73],"mM":[74],"solution,":[76],"a":[77],"steady-state":[78],"maximum":[79],"density":[81],"4.4":[83],"\u03bcW/cm":[84],"2":[85],"was":[86,114],"achieved":[87],"optimizing":[89],"chemistry":[91],"porous":[93],"structure":[94],"cell":[98,112],"components.":[99],"Additionally,":[100],"even":[101],"bending":[103],"in":[106],"half":[107],"100":[108],"times,":[109],"performance":[113],"maintained":[115],"without":[116],"any":[117],"mechanical":[118],"failure.":[119],"Lastly,":[120],"when":[121],"connected":[126],"electroresponsive":[128],"hydrogel":[129],"capacitors,":[130],"we":[131],"could":[132],"clearly":[133],"distinguish":[134],"between":[135],"tear":[137],"levels":[139],"under":[140],"normal":[141],"diabetic":[143],"conditions":[144],"through":[145],"naked":[147],"eye.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2022-09-08T00:00:00"}