{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294750985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","title":"Learning English vocabulary from word cards: A research synthesis","display_name":"Learning English vocabulary from word cards: A research synthesis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294750985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36148102","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9485613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053549186","display_name":"Yuanying Lei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanying Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062007415","display_name":"Barry Lee Reynolds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3984-2059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3984-2059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barry Lee Reynolds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China","Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062007415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":1.5292,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80222497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"984211","last_page":"984211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-acquisition","display_name":"vocabulary acquisition","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-cards","display_name":"word cards","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptive-vocabulary","display_name":"receptive vocabulary","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressive-vocabulary","display_name":"expressive vocabulary","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learner-proficiency","display_name":"learner proficiency","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-knowledge","display_name":"vocabulary knowledge","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-practice","display_name":"retrieval practice","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.8201843500137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5719150900840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62737587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939179","display_name":"Vocabulary development","level":3,"score":0.5129510760307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.49771907925605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4922284185886383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175293574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697133","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","level":3,"score":0.4339643716812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4165634512901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984601542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48842322","display_name":"Vocabulary learning","level":3,"score":0.414914608001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39255353808403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2946946620941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0719669759273529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07089605927467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9485613","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9485613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36148102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36148102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3ec5bbaadc7b431c8448f1009ad69331","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3ec5bbaadc7b431c8448f1009ad69331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 13 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2110635143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7399858660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2019-00030-FED","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294750985.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294750985.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159288080","https://openalex.org/W658646649","https://openalex.org/W1420162645","https://openalex.org/W1530749683","https://openalex.org/W1564020028","https://openalex.org/W1964966468","https://openalex.org/W2002202341","https://openalex.org/W2015518209","https://openalex.org/W2025668003","https://openalex.org/W2038339147","https://openalex.org/W2043193092","https://openalex.org/W2070445241","https://openalex.org/W2074076796","https://openalex.org/W2076029586","https://openalex.org/W2077565409","https://openalex.org/W2089365333","https://openalex.org/W2103403153","https://openalex.org/W2106214072","https://openalex.org/W2114282361","https://openalex.org/W2127213605","https://openalex.org/W2129551121","https://openalex.org/W2135037053","https://openalex.org/W2161257654","https://openalex.org/W2161460672","https://openalex.org/W2339567427","https://openalex.org/W2509029610","https://openalex.org/W2520115355","https://openalex.org/W2587922133","https://openalex.org/W2600482204","https://openalex.org/W2607011178","https://openalex.org/W2613581942","https://openalex.org/W2625858297","https://openalex.org/W2735290982","https://openalex.org/W2765338401","https://openalex.org/W2807788276","https://openalex.org/W2899594312","https://openalex.org/W2909054834","https://openalex.org/W2910715241","https://openalex.org/W2920898950","https://openalex.org/W2946881251","https://openalex.org/W2954359079","https://openalex.org/W2976757784","https://openalex.org/W2982622292","https://openalex.org/W2986720476","https://openalex.org/W2999700553","https://openalex.org/W3006005282","https://openalex.org/W3011583695","https://openalex.org/W3023575385","https://openalex.org/W3038706437","https://openalex.org/W3095919386","https://openalex.org/W3109421550","https://openalex.org/W3118646112","https://openalex.org/W3144543375","https://openalex.org/W3160434862","https://openalex.org/W3190383683","https://openalex.org/W3208037487","https://openalex.org/W3216081771","https://openalex.org/W4210741396","https://openalex.org/W4213456951","https://openalex.org/W4236476849","https://openalex.org/W4388506245","https://openalex.org/W6735372573","https://openalex.org/W6736608217","https://openalex.org/W6794359958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3196009866","https://openalex.org/W2477012722","https://openalex.org/W3133524671","https://openalex.org/W2734738559","https://openalex.org/W2395415174","https://openalex.org/W1843028256","https://openalex.org/W2276820818","https://openalex.org/W2908048379","https://openalex.org/W754357882","https://openalex.org/W7036833186"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers'":[0],"interest":[1],"in":[2,73,87,188,204,241,298],"the":[3,13,31,38,65,79,96,147,154,166,273,285],"learning":[4,191,197,207,213,228,270,286,331,342],"of":[5,16,33,40,63,67,78,81,91,100,124,135,139,146,156,168,275,287,290,310],"vocabulary":[6,74,114,120,125,136,227,269],"from":[7,246],"word":[8,34,41,68,158,162,170,174,186,202,224,248,277,281,291,302,306,311,321],"cards":[9,35,69,159,171,187,203,225,249,278,303,322],"has":[10],"grown":[11],"alongside":[12],"increasing":[14],"number":[15,39],"studies":[17,43,102,111,149,180],"published":[18],"on":[19,104],"this":[20,230],"topic.":[21],"While":[22],"meta-analyses":[23],"or":[24],"systematic":[25],"reviews":[26],"have":[27],"been":[28],"previously":[29],"performed,":[30],"types":[32],"investigated,":[36],"and":[37,60,83,122,127,164,199,226,279,283,304,328],"card":[42],"analyzed":[44],"were":[45,129,238],"limited.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"these":[49,101,336],"issues,":[50],"a":[51,205,211,216],"research":[52],"synthesis":[53],"was":[54,218,232],"conducted":[55],"to":[56,267,300,319],"provide":[57,295],"an":[58,105,189,195],"inclusive":[59],"comprehensive":[61],"picture":[62],"how":[64,299],"use":[66,155,167,301,329],"by":[70],"learners":[71,296,318],"results":[72,255],"learning.":[75],"A":[76],"search":[77],"Web":[80],"Science":[82],"Scopus":[84],"databases":[85],"resulted":[86],"803":[88],"potential":[89],"studies,":[90],"which":[92],"32":[93],"aligned":[94],"with":[95,194,210,335],"inclusion":[97],"criteria.":[98],"Coding":[99],"based":[103],"extensive":[106],"coding":[107],"scheme":[108],"found":[109,219],"most":[110],"assessed":[112,130],"receptive":[113],"knowledge":[115,123,134],"more":[116,131,145,179,239,244],"often":[117,132],"than":[118,133,160,172,250],"productive":[119],"knowledge,":[121],"form":[126],"meaning":[128],"use.":[137],"Results":[138,176],"effect":[140],"size":[141],"plots":[142],"showed":[143,150,181],"that":[144,237,257],"reviewed":[148],"larger":[151,182],"effects":[152,183],"for":[153,165,184,200,308,323,343],"paper":[157],"digital":[161],"cards,":[163,282],"ready-made":[169,276],"self-constructed":[173,280],"cards.":[175,312],"also":[177],"indicated":[178],"using":[185,201,223,247,340],"intentional":[190],"condition":[192,208],"compared":[193,209],"incidental":[196],"condition,":[198],"massed":[206,330],"spaced":[212,341],"condition.":[214],"Although":[215],"correlation":[217,231],"between":[220],"time":[221],"spent":[222],"outcomes,":[229,271],"not":[233],"statistically":[234],"significant.":[235],"Learners":[236],"proficient":[240],"English":[242],"learned":[243],"words":[245,327,338],"those":[251],"less":[252],"proficient.":[253],"These":[254],"suggest":[256],"future":[258],"researchers":[259],"should":[260,294,316],"report":[261],"learner":[262],"proficiency,":[263],"adopt":[264],"reliable":[265],"tests":[266],"assess":[268],"compare":[272],"effectiveness":[274],"investigate":[284],"different":[288],"aspects":[289],"knowledge.":[292],"Teachers":[293],"guidance":[297],"target":[305],"selection":[307],"self-construction":[309],"In":[313],"addition,":[314],"teachers":[315],"encourage":[317],"create":[320],"incidentally":[324],"encountered":[325],"unknown":[326],"when":[332],"initially":[333],"working":[334],"new":[337],"before":[339],"later":[344],"retrieval":[345],"practice.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2022-09-06T00:00:00"}