{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294308352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","title":"3D Printing, Intellectual Property Rights and Medical Emergencies: In Search of New Flexibilities","display_name":"3D Printing, Intellectual Property Rights and Medical Emergencies: In Search of New Flexibilities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294308352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36065358","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9434072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1002663397","display_name":"GRURRR. Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Rechtsprechungs-Report/GRUR-DVD/GRUR-CD/IIC/Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht/Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht. Internationaler Teil","issn_l":"0016-9420","issn":["0016-9420","0018-9855","0435-8600","2195-0237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","jufo-3","norway-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047638744","display_name":"Rosa Mar\u00eda Ballardini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-9281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-9281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95220073","display_name":"University of Lapland","ror":"https://ror.org/05jzt8766","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95220073"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Maria Ballardini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, University of Lapland, Faculty of Law, Rovaniemi, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-9281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, University of Lapland, Faculty of Law, Rovaniemi, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95220073"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088805488","display_name":"Marc D. Mimler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-2506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-2506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Mimler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer in Law, City Law School, City University London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-2506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer in Law, City Law School, City University London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047818595","display_name":"Timo Minssen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-4888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-4888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Minssen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Center for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL), University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-4888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Center for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL), University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004422225","display_name":"Mika Salmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-3551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-3551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mika Salmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-3551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047638744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95220073"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":26.2538,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99451253,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"8","first_page":"1149","last_page":"1173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergencies","display_name":"medical emergencies","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compulsory-licensing","display_name":"compulsory licensing","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-licensing","display_name":"voluntary licensing","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trips-waiver","display_name":"TRIPS waiver","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property-enforcement","display_name":"intellectual property enforcement","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-emergencies","display_name":"health emergencies","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-innovation","display_name":"access to innovation","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.7366619110107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4771525263786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.43725717067718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40201079845428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3925039768218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22816187143325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10339504480361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08727622032165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.07972711324691772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1002663397","display_name":"GRURRR. Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Rechtsprechungs-Report/GRUR-DVD/GRUR-CD/IIC/Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht/Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht. Internationaler Teil","issn_l":"0016-9420","issn":["0016-9420","0018-9855","0435-8600","2195-0237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","jufo-3","norway-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9434072","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9434072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIC Int Rev Ind Prop Copyr Law","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36065358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36065358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIC; international review of industrial property and copyright law","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/a8d7c4bc-21ac-4191-b25e-7660feb029c3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/a8d7c4bc-21ac-4191-b25e-7660feb029c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ballardini, R M, Mimler, M, Minssen, T & Salmi, M 2022, '3D Printing, IPR and Medical Emergencies: In Search of New Flexibilities', IIC International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1149-1173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:28946","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/marc=2Emimler.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/117307","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/f8137af8-14a9-4114-ac2d-3bd182be7042","pdf_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/files/88827325/s40319_022_01235_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"A1 Alkuper\u00e4isartikkeli tieteellisess\u00e4 aikakauslehdess\u00e4"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lacris.ulapland.fi:openaire/e7969da9-f379-42ca-b9db-2a3e2121665b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.ulapland.fi/fi/publications/e7969da9-f379-42ca-b9db-2a3e2121665b","pdf_url":"https://lacris.ulapland.fi/ws/files/23971255/s40319_022_01235_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401137","display_name":"LaCRIS (University of Lapland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95220073","host_organization_name":"University of Lapland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95220073"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ballardini, R, Mimler, M, Minssen, T & Salmi, M 2022, '3D Printing, Intellectual Property Rights and Medical Emergencies : In Search of New Flexibilities', IIC International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1149\u20131173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:29901","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/29901/1/CLS%20WP%202023%2004.pdf","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/29901/1/CLS%20WP%202023%2004.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Monograph"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40319-022-01235-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1002663397","display_name":"GRURRR. Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Rechtsprechungs-Report/GRUR-DVD/GRUR-CD/IIC/Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht/Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht. Internationaler Teil","issn_l":"0016-9420","issn":["0016-9420","0018-9855","0435-8600","2195-0237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","jufo-3","norway-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6700000166893005}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3405703186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"325509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G741859004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNF17SA0027784","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325957","funder_display_name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8491405732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNF17SA0027784","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","funder_display_name":"Novo Nordisk"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325957","display_name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/04txyc737"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327138","display_name":"Lapin Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/05jzt8766"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335354","display_name":"Strategic Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02vtq1a86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294308352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294308352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8279381","https://openalex.org/W200261103","https://openalex.org/W1919866116","https://openalex.org/W2126695137","https://openalex.org/W2469475224","https://openalex.org/W2614840096","https://openalex.org/W2732865128","https://openalex.org/W2757215425","https://openalex.org/W2923632057","https://openalex.org/W3024031254","https://openalex.org/W3026314282","https://openalex.org/W3033114932","https://openalex.org/W3037448539","https://openalex.org/W3048767535","https://openalex.org/W3083484886","https://openalex.org/W3089844992","https://openalex.org/W3090117434","https://openalex.org/W3095567345","https://openalex.org/W3105440083","https://openalex.org/W3106814203","https://openalex.org/W3118358525","https://openalex.org/W3124622667","https://openalex.org/W3128479023","https://openalex.org/W3129415961","https://openalex.org/W3174276514","https://openalex.org/W3184260787","https://openalex.org/W3203397140","https://openalex.org/W4231715809","https://openalex.org/W4246290055","https://openalex.org/W4248186204","https://openalex.org/W4256441241","https://openalex.org/W6962745531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394943957","https://openalex.org/W4387616977","https://openalex.org/W4229376245","https://openalex.org/W3080894422","https://openalex.org/W3216899539","https://openalex.org/W4312117952","https://openalex.org/W4391870805","https://openalex.org/W3095112708","https://openalex.org/W4224050469","https://openalex.org/W3158161237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"COVID-19":[1,151,192],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3,154,160],"exponentially":[4],"accelerated":[5],"the":[6,29,56,84,88,142,150,157,173,191,197,205,210,219],"use":[7,57],"of":[8,48,58,61,90,99,144,166,175,223],"3D":[9],"printing":[10],"(3DP)":[11],"technologies":[12],"in":[13,146,163],"healthcare.":[14],"Surprisingly,":[15],"though,":[16],"we":[17,194],"have":[18,52,74,132],"seen":[19],"hardly":[20],"any":[21],"public":[22],"intellectual":[23],"property":[24],"right":[25],"(IPR)":[26],"disputes":[27],"concerning":[28],"3D-printed":[30],"medical":[31],"equipment":[32,62],"produced":[33],"to":[34,79,109,137,140,172,196,199],"cope":[35],"with":[36,170,218,226],"this":[37,153],"crisis.":[38],"Yet":[39],"it":[40],"can":[41],"be":[42],"assumed":[43],"that":[44,156],"a":[45,92,96,164],"great":[46],"variety":[47],"IPRs":[49],"could":[50,208],"potentially":[51],"been":[53,133,161],"enforced":[54],"against":[55],"various":[59],"items":[60],"printed":[63],"out":[64],"without":[65],"express":[66],"consent":[67],"from":[68],"IP":[69,76,176],"holders.":[70],"Many":[71],"reasons":[72],"might":[73],"motivated":[75],"owners":[77],"not":[78],"enforce":[80],"their":[81],"rights":[82],"during":[83,95,190],"pandemic,":[85,193],"such":[86,228],"as":[87,229],"fear":[89],"acquiring":[91],"bad":[93],"reputation":[94],"declared":[97],"situation":[98],"national":[100],"emergency.":[101],"There":[102],"is":[103],"no":[104],"internationally":[105],"recognised":[106],"general":[107],"exception":[108],"IPR":[110,206],"enforcement":[111],"for":[112,183,214],"health":[113,231],"emergencies,":[114],"while":[115],"several":[116],"-":[117,120],"sometimes":[118],"ineffective":[119],"tools,":[121],"like":[122],"compulsory":[123],"licensing,":[124],"voluntary":[125],"licensing":[126],"arrangements":[127],"and":[128,141,221],"potential":[129],"TRIPS":[130],"waivers,":[131],"considered":[134],"or":[135],"used":[136],"facilitate":[138],"access":[139],"distribution":[143],"innovations":[145],"critical":[147],"situations.":[148],"During":[149],"emergency,":[152],"meant":[155],"3DP":[158],"community":[159],"operating":[162],"state":[165],"relative":[167],"uncertainty":[168],"including":[169],"regard":[171],"risks":[174],"infringement.":[177],"This":[178],"study":[179],"contextualises":[180],"these":[181],"issues":[182],"pandemic-relevant":[184],"3DP.":[185],"Building":[186],"upon":[187],"experience":[188],"gathered":[189],"look":[195],"future":[198],"see":[200],"what":[201],"novel":[202],"mechanisms":[203],"within":[204],"system":[207],"provide":[209],"additional":[211],"flexibility":[212],"required":[213],"dealing":[215],"more":[216],"smoothly,":[217],"help":[220],"support":[222],"digital":[224],"technologies,":[225],"situations":[227],"global":[230],"emergencies.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2022-09-02T00:00:00"}
