{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294276756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","title":"The association between optimism and future performance: Evidence of impression management from chief executive officer and chairperson letters","display_name":"The association between optimism and future performance: Evidence of impression management from chief executive officer and chairperson letters","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294276756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","pdf_url":"https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/download/3183/2256","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215964","display_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","issn_l":"2078-5585","issn":["2078-5585","2078-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/download/3183/2256","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034926932","display_name":"George Frederick Nel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-9883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-9883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George F. Nel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, School of Accountancy, \nStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-9883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, School of Accountancy, \nStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027545606","display_name":"Sher-Lee Arendse-Fourie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-304X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-304X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sher-Lee Arendse-Fourie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, School of Accountancy, \nStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7376-304X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, School of Accountancy, \nStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029645580","display_name":"Juan Mendelsohn Ontong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-8988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-8988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Ontong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, School of Accountancy, \nStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-8988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, School of Accountancy, \nStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"apc_list":{"value":11968,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":650},"apc_paid":{"value":11968,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":650},"fwci":5.4394,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95648478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13957","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Financial Management","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimism","display_name":"optimism","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impression-management","display_name":"impression management","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceo-letters","display_name":"CEO letters","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-disclosure","display_name":"narrative disclosure","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sincerity","display_name":"sincerity","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/future-performance","display_name":"future performance","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency-costs","display_name":"agency costs","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/johannesburg-stock-exchange","display_name":"Johannesburg Stock Exchange","score":0.8450000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.8516271114349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781160333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666985","display_name":"Sincerity","level":2,"score":0.7180753350257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6720921397209167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986265317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484876","display_name":"Chief executive officer","level":2,"score":0.6581518650054932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6117988228797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.6033052206039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4994750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210504","display_name":"Impression management","level":2,"score":0.5470359325408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5107736587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3342037796974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3289806842803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.31572631001472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17811140418052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.12856772541999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11304950714111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","pdf_url":"https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/download/3183/2256","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215964","display_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","issn_l":"2078-5585","issn":["2078-5585","2078-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:976fb36204fe471e9f759c9754dd1ec9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/976fb36204fe471e9f759c9754dd1ec9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Business Management, Vol 53, Iss 1, Pp e1-e12 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v53i1.3183","pdf_url":"https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/download/3183/2256","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210215964","display_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","issn_l":"2078-5585","issn":["2078-5585","2078-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Business Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294276756.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294276756.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W253427243","https://openalex.org/W375019639","https://openalex.org/W1483965959","https://openalex.org/W1549301408","https://openalex.org/W1566183831","https://openalex.org/W1578451079","https://openalex.org/W1977297117","https://openalex.org/W1982068368","https://openalex.org/W1989001534","https://openalex.org/W2003171699","https://openalex.org/W2006901026","https://openalex.org/W2014064130","https://openalex.org/W2016314917","https://openalex.org/W2026256898","https://openalex.org/W2029575901","https://openalex.org/W2082268592","https://openalex.org/W2087947168","https://openalex.org/W2088278533","https://openalex.org/W2090650690","https://openalex.org/W2092728120","https://openalex.org/W2099336938","https://openalex.org/W2105924481","https://openalex.org/W2140144518","https://openalex.org/W2143952465","https://openalex.org/W2146200864","https://openalex.org/W2150879307","https://openalex.org/W2153511054","https://openalex.org/W2155650193","https://openalex.org/W2156768951","https://openalex.org/W2202728095","https://openalex.org/W2289693677","https://openalex.org/W2334959554","https://openalex.org/W2462167533","https://openalex.org/W2493101627","https://openalex.org/W2497120911","https://openalex.org/W2556504831","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2800335744","https://openalex.org/W2948866998","https://openalex.org/W2966856493","https://openalex.org/W3108458912","https://openalex.org/W3121268064","https://openalex.org/W3121576140","https://openalex.org/W3121756164","https://openalex.org/W3122094160","https://openalex.org/W3122135772","https://openalex.org/W3122470046","https://openalex.org/W3139393979","https://openalex.org/W3166380286","https://openalex.org/W4383905236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090650690","https://openalex.org/W7070576636","https://openalex.org/W2745267560","https://openalex.org/W3125715108","https://openalex.org/W3211480075","https://openalex.org/W1547752078","https://openalex.org/W2594885191","https://openalex.org/W1599909295","https://openalex.org/W4416558426","https://openalex.org/W3113096200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"This":[1,150],"article":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,13,30,35,54,57,62,80,122,126,165,189,212,223,236,239],"sincerity":[5,60],"of":[6,9,15,32,59,107,116,128,139,161,211,215,241],"two":[7,36,63],"sets":[8],"narrative":[10],"disclosures":[11],"in":[12,56,73,98,171],"letters":[14,37,70,155,180],"chairpersons":[16],"(CPs)":[17],"and":[18,38,53,66,101,130,133,174,232],"chief":[19,67],"executive":[20,68],"officers":[21],"(CEOs)":[22],"to":[23,28,46,95,168,188,198,244],"stakeholders.":[24],"The":[25,105,218],"study":[26,151],"sought":[27],"compare":[29],"level":[31,58,106,127],"optimism":[33,41,97,108,129],"between":[34,61,125],"whether":[39],"such":[40,216,242],"(as":[42],"per":[43],"its":[44],"link":[45],"future":[47,131,205],"performance)":[48],"was":[49,93,109,119],"sincere":[50],"or":[51],"not":[52],"differences":[55],"letters.Design/methodology/approach:":[64],"Chairpersons\u2019":[65],"officers\u2019":[69],"as":[71,121,137,226],"contained":[72],"annual":[74],"reports":[75],"for":[76,222],"firms":[77],"listed":[78],"on":[79],"Johannesburg":[81],"Stock":[82],"Exchange":[83],"over":[84],"a":[85,134,182,227],"4-year":[86],"period":[87],"were":[88,148,156],"analysed.":[89],"Textual":[90],"analysis":[91,115],"software":[92],"used":[94],"measure":[96],"200":[99,102],"CPs\u2019":[100,154,173,179,231],"CEOs\u2019":[103,175,233],"letters.":[104,234],"compared":[110],"using":[111],"mixed-model":[112],"repeated":[113],"measures":[114],"variance.":[117],"Sincerity":[118],"operationalised":[120],"positive":[123],"association":[124,136],"performance":[132],"negative":[135,184],"evidence":[138],"impression":[140,169],"management.":[141],"Two-way":[142],"linear":[143],"fixed":[144],"effect":[145],"regression":[146],"models":[147],"used.Findings:":[149],"found":[152],"that":[153],"more":[157,194],"optimistic":[158,195],"than":[159],"those":[160],"CEOs\u2019.":[162],"More":[163],"specifically,":[164],"results":[166,219,237],"point":[167],"management":[170],"both":[172],"letters,":[176],"with":[177],"only":[178],"indicating":[181],"significant":[183],"association.Practical":[185],"implications:":[186],"Relative":[187],"CEOs,":[190],"CPs":[191],"may":[192],"use":[193],"writing":[196],"styles":[197],"sway":[199],"stakeholders":[200],"who":[201],"are":[202],"anticipating":[203],"worse-than-expected":[204],"performance;":[206],"readers":[207],"should":[208],"be":[209],"aware":[210],"potential":[213],"consequences":[214],"practices.Originality/value:":[217],"provide":[220],"support":[221],"obfuscation":[224],"hypothesis":[225],"theoretical":[228],"underpinning":[229],"regarding":[230],"Overall,":[235],"question":[238],"ability":[240],"narratives":[243],"lessen":[245],"agency":[246],"costs.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2022-09-02T00:00:00"}