{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294265775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","title":"Intra and Interobserver Reliability of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Normal Nepalese Adults using Transorbital Ultrasound","display_name":"Intra and Interobserver Reliability of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Normal Nepalese Adults using Transorbital Ultrasound","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294265775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJMS/article/download/47235/35471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406978256","display_name":"Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2091-1424","issn":["2091-1424","2091-1459"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJMS/article/download/47235/35471","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075607650","display_name":"Bidur KC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-8764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-8764"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bidur KC","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-8764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017624120","display_name":"Bibesh Pokhrel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1997-9859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1997-9859"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bibesh Pokhrel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1997-9859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031226297","display_name":"Sushan Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-2462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-2462"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushan Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3865,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55619209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"24","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.5297999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.5297999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.17139999568462372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.08730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-nerve-sheath-diameter","display_name":"optic nerve sheath diameter","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transorbital-ultrasound","display_name":"transorbital ultrasound","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intra-rater-reliability","display_name":"intra-rater reliability","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-rater-reliability","display_name":"inter-rater reliability","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracranial-pressure-monitoring","display_name":"intracranial pressure monitoring","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-adults","display_name":"healthy adults","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nepalese-population","display_name":"Nepalese population","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.6603518724441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5738052725791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5607065558433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186029","display_name":"Optic nerve","level":2,"score":0.5172358155250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.4798376262187958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.32825201749801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.263147234916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10106417536735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJMS/article/download/47235/35471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406978256","display_name":"Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2091-1424","issn":["2091-1424","2091-1459"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njms.v7i2.47235","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJMS/article/download/47235/35471","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406978256","display_name":"Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2091-1424","issn":["2091-1424","2091-1459"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294265775.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294265775.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1893595250","https://openalex.org/W1974277845","https://openalex.org/W1982545796","https://openalex.org/W1989867717","https://openalex.org/W1996170005","https://openalex.org/W2006031536","https://openalex.org/W2028881332","https://openalex.org/W2033012836","https://openalex.org/W2063770534","https://openalex.org/W2068337093","https://openalex.org/W2087068963","https://openalex.org/W2124562262","https://openalex.org/W2135333409","https://openalex.org/W2144384072","https://openalex.org/W2144649821","https://openalex.org/W2166428296","https://openalex.org/W2171862079","https://openalex.org/W2252200698","https://openalex.org/W2605467103","https://openalex.org/W2785261107","https://openalex.org/W2802301761","https://openalex.org/W2961006373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351153092","https://openalex.org/W2082479352","https://openalex.org/W4321499284","https://openalex.org/W2090323725","https://openalex.org/W4386476165","https://openalex.org/W2763568177","https://openalex.org/W2054152543","https://openalex.org/W2883780929","https://openalex.org/W2172171292","https://openalex.org/W2051861208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Transorbital":[1],"sonographic":[2],"measured":[3,70],"optic":[4],"nerve":[5],"sheath":[6],"diameter":[7],"(ONSD)":[8],"has":[9],"turned":[10],"into":[11],"a":[12,90,140,235],"promising":[13],"screening":[14],"and":[15,45,101,119,171,177,186,218,246],"monitoring":[16],"tool":[17],"lately.":[18],"Nonetheless,":[19],"the":[20,43,67,81,131,168,174,183,189,206],"test":[21],"qualities":[22],"of":[23,48,65,80,93,108,130,143,209,224,229],"this":[24],"procedure":[25],"require":[26],"to":[27,30,33,41,86,204,238],"be":[28,31],"addressed":[29],"feasible":[32,236],"use":[34],"in":[35],"clinical":[36],"practice.":[37],"This":[38],"study":[39,55],"aims":[40],"assess":[42,239],"intra":[44,245],"interobserver":[46,207,247],"reliability":[47],"transorbital":[49,232],"ultrasound.":[50],"Methods:":[51],"A":[52],"prospective":[53],"observational":[54],"was":[56,111,134],"conducted":[57],"on":[58],"37":[59],"healthy":[60],"adults.":[61],"Three":[62],"serial":[63],"ONSD":[64,107,129,213,230],"both":[66,109],"eyes":[68,110],"were":[69,202],"using":[71,211],"ultrasound":[72,233],"by":[73,231],"two":[74,132,225],"investigators":[75,133],"independently.":[76],"Results:":[77],"The":[78,105,127],"age":[79,92],"participants":[82],"ranged":[83],"from":[84],"20":[85],"30":[87],"years":[88,97],"with":[89,98,139,243],"mean":[91,106,128,141,212,219],"23.86":[94],"\u00b1":[95,113,121,136,145,215,222],"2.35":[96],"54.1%":[99],"male":[100],"17":[102],"45.9%":[103],"female.":[104],"4.15":[112],"0.38":[114],"mm":[115,123,138,147],"for":[116,124,162,167,173,182,188],"investigator":[117,125,163,178],"1":[118,164],"4.11":[120],"0.37":[122,137,216],"2.":[126],"4.13":[135],"difference":[142,220],"-0.036":[144],"0.118":[146],"(at":[148],"95%":[149],"confidence":[150],"interval,":[151],"-0.003":[152],"-":[153],"0.075":[154],"mm).":[155],"For":[156],"intra-observer":[157],"reliability,":[158],"Intraclass":[159],"correlation":[160,194],"analysis":[161,195],"showed":[165,180,196],"0.995":[166,172],"right":[169,184],"eye":[170,176,185],"left":[175,190],"2":[179],"0.993":[181],"0.997":[187],"eye.":[191],"Interobserver":[192],"intraclass":[193],"0.973.":[197],"In":[198],"addition,":[199],"Bland-Altman":[200],"plots":[201],"drawn":[203],"see":[205],"limit":[208],"agreement":[210],"(4.13":[214],"mm)":[217],"(-0.036":[221],"0.118)":[223],"investigators.":[226],"Conclusion:":[227],"Measurement":[228],"is":[234],"method":[237],"intracranial":[240],"pressure":[241],"noninvasively":[242],"high":[244],"agreement.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}