{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294242918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","title":"Women Entrepreneurship as a Strategy for Sustainable Livelihoods","display_name":"Women Entrepreneurship as a Strategy for Sustainable Livelihoods","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294242918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","pdf_url":"https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/The_Thinker/article/download/1455/851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279410","display_name":"The Thinker","issn_l":"2075-2458","issn":["2075-2458","2616-907X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315346","host_organization_name":"University of Johannesburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Johannesburg"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Thinker","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/The_Thinker/article/download/1455/851","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078011357","display_name":"Tanusha Raniga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-2115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-2115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tanusha Raniga","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Johannesburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-2115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Johannesburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078011357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80458038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"3","first_page":"17","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.01489999983459711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13502","display_name":"Community and Sustainable Development","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-entrepreneurship","display_name":"women entrepreneurship","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-livelihoods","display_name":"sustainable livelihoods","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-independence","display_name":"financial independence","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-governmental-organizations","display_name":"non-governmental organizations","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship-education","display_name":"entrepreneurship education","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mentoring","display_name":"mentoring","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-finance","display_name":"access to finance","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployed-women","display_name":"unemployed women","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-development","display_name":"social development","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gauteng","display_name":"Gauteng","score":0.9490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.8119429349899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.7080057859420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6904940605163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776535583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967647","display_name":"Mentorship","level":2,"score":0.6755014657974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.6433848738670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.6397112011909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.5621140599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.5211753249168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5140708684921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4577670395374298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.44498658180236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27433696389198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19312122464179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18316757678985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10398399829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08559474349021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.08504626154899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0824580192565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","pdf_url":"https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/The_Thinker/article/download/1455/851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279410","display_name":"The Thinker","issn_l":"2075-2458","issn":["2075-2458","2616-907X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315346","host_organization_name":"University of Johannesburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Johannesburg"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Thinker","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09be8cf360974c9587457333ed4b7d6c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09be8cf360974c9587457333ed4b7d6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Thinker, Vol 92, Iss 3 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v92i3.1455","pdf_url":"https://journals.uj.ac.za/index.php/The_Thinker/article/download/1455/851","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279410","display_name":"The Thinker","issn_l":"2075-2458","issn":["2075-2458","2616-907X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315346","host_organization_name":"University of Johannesburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Johannesburg"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Thinker","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.9444000124931335,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294242918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294242918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560795196","https://openalex.org/W618043227","https://openalex.org/W1480514000","https://openalex.org/W1533453791","https://openalex.org/W1534784017","https://openalex.org/W1543889784","https://openalex.org/W2036213678","https://openalex.org/W2068086264","https://openalex.org/W2150417747","https://openalex.org/W2211300362","https://openalex.org/W2528325555","https://openalex.org/W2603589661","https://openalex.org/W2607024929","https://openalex.org/W2749999598","https://openalex.org/W2762591286","https://openalex.org/W2896349198","https://openalex.org/W2898939326","https://openalex.org/W2916359981","https://openalex.org/W2916971386","https://openalex.org/W2917934054","https://openalex.org/W3087217662","https://openalex.org/W3112325181","https://openalex.org/W3122540133","https://openalex.org/W3154874363","https://openalex.org/W4288419051","https://openalex.org/W4296721786","https://openalex.org/W6634324636","https://openalex.org/W6841420342","https://openalex.org/W7033391048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120932157","https://openalex.org/W7110512737","https://openalex.org/W3203977970","https://openalex.org/W4412747593","https://openalex.org/W4231083507","https://openalex.org/W2606997573","https://openalex.org/W3005046380","https://openalex.org/W1996910732","https://openalex.org/W4401931275","https://openalex.org/W4247948467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Women":[0],"establish":[1],"their":[2],"entrepreneurial":[3,19],"projects":[4],"for":[5],"economic":[6,119],"independence":[7],"and":[8,31,48,96],"to":[9,12,28,112,116],"reduce":[10],"vulnerability":[11],"poverty.":[13],"The":[14,101],"numberof":[15],"women":[16,59,91,104,115],"engaged":[17],"in":[18,42,69],"activities":[20],"has":[21],"increased":[22],"as":[23,106],"a":[24,64,107],"result":[25],"of":[26,45,63,72],"access":[27],"business":[29],"training":[30,68],"mentorship":[32],"facilitated":[33],"by":[34,77],"non-governmental":[35],"organisations.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38,82,102],"advances":[39],"empirical":[40],"evidence":[41,56],"the":[43,70,78],"field":[44],"social":[46,94,109],"development":[47,110],"sustainable":[49,79],"livelihoods.":[50],"Using":[51],"qualitative":[52],"methodology,":[53],"I":[54],"present":[55],"from":[57],"20":[58],"who":[60],"were":[61],"beneficiaries":[62],"Non-Governmental":[65],"Organisation\u2019s":[66],"entrepreneurship":[67,105],"province":[71],"Gauteng,":[73],"South":[74],"Africa.":[75],"Underscored":[76],"livelihoodapproach,":[80],"this":[81],"deliberates":[83],"three":[84],"connected":[85],"themes:":[86],"motivational":[87],"factors":[88],"that":[89],"promote":[90],"entrepreneurs,":[92],"nurturing":[93],"networks,":[95],"navigating":[97],"financial":[98],"capital":[99],"challenges.":[100],"affirms":[103],"positive":[108],"strategy":[111],"assist":[113],"unemployed":[114],"work":[117],"towards":[118],"self-reliance.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-09-02T00:00:00"}