{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294104463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","title":"In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Phyllanthus urinaria (Linnaeus, Phyllanthaceae) Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wounds","display_name":"In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Phyllanthus urinaria (Linnaeus, Phyllanthaceae) Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wounds","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294104463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","pdf_url":"https://journalajob.com/index.php/AJOB/article/download/291/581","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230774","display_name":"Asian Journal of Biology","issn_l":"2456-7124","issn":["2456-7124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journalajob.com/index.php/AJOB/article/download/291/581","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032406710","display_name":"J. O. Ihuma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-1702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-1702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201292520","display_name":"Bingham University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dbvvk55","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201292520"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. O. Ihuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University, P.M.B. 005, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University, P.M.B. 005, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201292520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039993835","display_name":"T. D. Malgwi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-1007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-1007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. D. Malgwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015694678","display_name":"M. H. Matthew","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201292520","display_name":"Bingham University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dbvvk55","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201292520"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. H. Matthew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University, P.M.B. 005, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University, P.M.B. 005, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201292520"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1447,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29401271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"38","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13719","display_name":"Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies","score":0.67330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13719","display_name":"Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies","score":0.67330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.3212999999523163,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12346","display_name":"Phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phyllanthus-urinaria","display_name":"Phyllanthus urinaria","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial activity","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudomonas-aeruginosa","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wound-infection","display_name":"wound infection","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plant-extracts","display_name":"medicinal plant extracts","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-extract","display_name":"leaf extract","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-antimicrobials","display_name":"natural antimicrobials","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibition-zone","display_name":"inhibition zone","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.8740329146385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.7842546701431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11636898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390585","display_name":"Agar diffusion test","level":4,"score":0.7443718910217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777637488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31856","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","level":3,"score":0.6349905729293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778660310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177998","display_name":"Agar","level":3,"score":0.6320712566375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5637342929840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5355021953582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781463711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131143","display_name":"Pseudomonas","level":3,"score":0.4980440139770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.450709730386734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.4230501651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.31743043661117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16453716158866882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","pdf_url":"https://journalajob.com/index.php/AJOB/article/download/291/581","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230774","display_name":"Asian Journal of Biology","issn_l":"2456-7124","issn":["2456-7124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalajob.com:article/291","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalajob.com/index.php/AJOB/article/view/291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230774","display_name":"Asian Journal of Biology","issn_l":"2456-7124","issn":["2456-7124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2456-7124","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05208398v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05208398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Biology, 2022, 15 (2), pp.38-46","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","pdf_url":"https://journalajob.com/index.php/AJOB/article/download/291/581","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230774","display_name":"Asian Journal of Biology","issn_l":"2456-7124","issn":["2456-7124"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294104463.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294104463.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089106886","https://openalex.org/W2184497540","https://openalex.org/W2186459697","https://openalex.org/W2507492097","https://openalex.org/W2892292269","https://openalex.org/W2932350194","https://openalex.org/W3019540126","https://openalex.org/W3035770781","https://openalex.org/W4200163400","https://openalex.org/W4234963449","https://openalex.org/W4300434807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100609490","https://openalex.org/W3215563917","https://openalex.org/W2160780596","https://openalex.org/W2123691699","https://openalex.org/W1654034661","https://openalex.org/W2724360092","https://openalex.org/W1495990501","https://openalex.org/W7036822121","https://openalex.org/W2329951912","https://openalex.org/W2072841746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69,97,109,118,164,215],"emergence":[1],"and":[2,12,21,32,62,77,94,105,120,142,150,154,172,183,210,223],"spread":[3],"of":[4,51,89,134,160,167,213,240,253],"antibiotic":[5],"resistance":[6,159],"have":[7],"been":[8],"on":[9,46,244],"the":[10,48,52,79,113,126,161,168,179,195,201,206,221,238,241,245,251,254],"increase,":[11],"as":[13,37,257],"such":[14],"there":[15,231],"is":[16,44],"a":[17,87,258],"need":[18],"for":[19,91,138,144,152],"new":[20],"safer":[22],"antimicrobials.":[23],"Commonly":[24],"used":[25,36],"medicinal":[26],"plants":[27],"found":[28,65],"in":[29,66,125,174,178,219,237],"surrounding":[30],"environments":[31],"communities":[33],"can":[34],"be":[35],"medicines":[38],"to":[39,86,176,199],"treat":[40],"infections.":[41],"This":[42,248],"research":[43],"aimed":[45],"exploring":[47],"antimicrobial":[49,93,98,116,261],"properties":[50],"Phyllanthus":[53],"urinaria":[54],"plant":[55,70,80,162,242,255],"against":[56,129,262],"selected":[57],"bacterial":[58,208,246],"pathogens,":[59],"Staphylococcus":[60,263],"aureus":[61,131],"Pseudomonas":[63,155],"aeruginosa":[64,156],"human":[67],"wounds.":[68],"extracts":[71,83,243],"were":[72,84,232],"obtained":[73],"by":[74,103],"boiling,":[75],"soaking":[76],"decoctioning":[78],"leaves.":[81],"These":[82],"subjected":[85],"series":[88],"tests":[90],"their":[92],"active":[95],"components.":[96],"assay":[99],"was":[100,123,191,228],"carried":[101,192],"out":[102,193],"disc":[104,139,184,222],"agar-well":[106,145,180,224],"diffusion":[107,140,146,181,185,225],"methods.":[108],"results":[110,216],"indicated":[111],"that":[112,218],"extract":[114,128,169,256],"exhibited":[115],"properties.":[117],"highest":[119],"only":[121],"potential":[122,260],"observed":[124],"boiled":[127],"S.":[130],"with":[132],"zones":[133,212],"inhibition":[135],"at":[136,148],"6mm":[137],"method":[141,147,182],"5mm":[143],"100mg/mL":[149],"3mm":[151],"25mg/mL":[153],"showed":[157,170,217],"complete":[158],"extract.":[163],"mean":[165],"efficacy":[166,252],"23.0%":[171],"35.5%":[173],"comparison":[175],"Chloramphenicol":[177],"method,":[186,198],"respectively.":[187],"A":[188],"statistical":[189],"test":[190],"using":[194],"one-way":[196],"ANOVA":[197],"show":[200],"statistically":[202,234],"significant":[203,235],"differences":[204,236],"between":[205],"extracts,":[207],"isolates,":[209],"also":[211],"inhibition.":[214],"both":[220],"methods,":[226],"p-value":[227],"0.0584;":[229],"hence":[230],"no":[233],"effects":[239],"isolates.":[247],"experiment":[249],"confirmed":[250],"natural":[259],"aureus.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2022-09-01T00:00:00"}