{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294045017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac101","title":"IgG and IgM Immunohistochemistry in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Liver Explants","display_name":"IgG and IgM Immunohistochemistry in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Liver Explants","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294045017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac101","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36048887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqac101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15871148","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","issn_l":"0002-9173","issn":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028147241","display_name":"Maylee Hsu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803065977","display_name":"Portland VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02v3txv81","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I2803065977","https://openalex.org/I4210144745"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maylee Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Portland, OR , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Portland, OR , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803065977"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076898945","display_name":"Jennifer Y. Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-3832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-3832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Y Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-3832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085854083","display_name":"Meredith M. Pearson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-9594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-9594"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meredith M Pearson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110917545","display_name":"Lei Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058317335","display_name":"Paul E. Swanson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-7403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-7403"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E Swanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078176598","display_name":"Matthew M. Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-8799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-8799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801852214","display_name":"University of Washington Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00wbzw723","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew M Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle, WA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078176598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801852214"],"apc_list":{"value":4440,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4440},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4652596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"158","issue":"6","first_page":"770","last_page":"773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11834","display_name":"Liver Diseases and Immunity","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11834","display_name":"Liver Diseases and Immunity","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11576","display_name":"IgG4-Related and Inflammatory Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12460","display_name":"Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-biliary-cholangitis","display_name":"primary biliary cirrhosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-hepatitis","display_name":"autoimmune hepatitis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igg","display_name":"IgG","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igm","display_name":"IgM","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-cells","display_name":"plasma cells","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-explants","display_name":"liver explants","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptogenic-cirrhosis","display_name":"cryptogenic cirrhosis","score":0.8650000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777203481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786844","display_name":"Autoimmune hepatitis","level":3,"score":0.8622884750366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780366471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072420","display_name":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.8488430380821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.62088543176651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.5932793021202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4224716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859258","display_name":"Immunostaining","level":3,"score":0.5810514688491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360841","display_name":"Liver biopsy","level":3,"score":0.5765063166618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.5484115481376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994419564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072420","display_name":"Biliary cirrhosis","level":4,"score":0.4887840449810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.4884742796421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113759","display_name":"Overlap syndrome","level":3,"score":0.48800602555274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.48077505826950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.4323585033416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776553844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79451","display_name":"Immunoglobulin M","level":4,"score":0.42202630639076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.41385766863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131742","display_name":"Hepatitis","level":2,"score":0.39451414346694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.39298275113105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79448","display_name":"Immunoglobulin G","level":3,"score":0.3644106388092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.3313620686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2944695055484772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.14576265215873718}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007075","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin M","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008105","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019693","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis, Autoimmune","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqac101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqac101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15871148","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","issn_l":"0002-9173","issn":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36048887","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36048887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of clinical pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999233152","https://openalex.org/W2003353479","https://openalex.org/W2018554226","https://openalex.org/W2054729034","https://openalex.org/W2057053458","https://openalex.org/W2057470760","https://openalex.org/W2084903416","https://openalex.org/W2088483147","https://openalex.org/W2116072105","https://openalex.org/W2527437762","https://openalex.org/W2795027374","https://openalex.org/W2983020461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355463774","https://openalex.org/W2378033436","https://openalex.org/W2116072105","https://openalex.org/W2057470760","https://openalex.org/W2054729034","https://openalex.org/W2983020461","https://openalex.org/W2049217462","https://openalex.org/W1999233152","https://openalex.org/W2018554226","https://openalex.org/W3146982526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Primary":[1],"biliary":[2],"cholangitis":[3],"(PBC)":[4],"and":[5,26,41,74,82,101,107,147],"autoimmune":[6],"hepatitis":[7],"(AIH)":[8],"can":[9,31],"be":[10,61,160,201],"difficult":[11],"to":[12,44,48,159],"distinguish":[13],"in":[14,36,52,120,125,136,144,164,190,203],"end-stage":[15],"liver":[16,50],"disease.":[17],"Previous":[18],"studies":[19],"have":[20],"shown":[21],"that":[22,180],"immunoglobulin":[23,27],"G":[24],"(IgG)":[25],"M":[28],"(IgM)":[29],"immunostaining":[30],"differentiate":[32],"AIH":[33,57,77,126,148,170],"from":[34],"PBC":[35,59,72,121,145,165,194],"needle":[37],"core":[38],"biopsy":[39],"specimens,":[40],"we":[42],"seek":[43],"extend":[45],"these":[46],"data":[47,65],"cirrhotic":[49,193],"explants,":[51],"which":[53],"the":[54,96,137,181,204],"histology":[55],"of":[56,89,99,113,140,184,192,206],"or":[58],"may":[60,200],"indiscernible.":[62],"METHODS:":[63],"Clinical":[64],"were":[66,105],"reviewed":[67],"for":[68,80],"20":[69],"patients":[70],"with":[71,76,95,169,196],"cirrhosis":[73],"16":[75],"cirrhosis.":[78,208],"Immunohistochemistry":[79],"IgM":[81,185],"IgG":[83],"was":[84,117,132,156],"performed":[85],"on":[86],"representative":[87],"blocks":[88],"explanted":[90],"livers.":[91],"Three":[92],"high-power":[93],"fields":[94],"highest":[97],"concentration":[98],"IgG-":[100],"IgM-positive":[102,114],"plasma":[103,115,142,186],"cells":[104,116,143,187],"counted":[106],"compared.":[108],"RESULTS:":[109],"The":[110,153],"average":[111,138],"number":[112,139,183],"significantly":[118],"higher":[119],"explants":[122,191],"(7.3)":[123],"than":[124,162],"(1.8)":[127],"(P":[128,150,173],"=":[129,151,174],".001).":[130],"There":[131],"no":[133],"significant":[134],"difference":[135],"IgG-positive":[141],"(2.5)":[146],"(2.8)":[149],".8).":[152],"IgG/IgM":[154],"ratio":[155],"more":[157],"likely":[158],"less":[161],"1.0":[163],"(17/20,":[166],"85%)":[167],"compared":[168,195],"(7/16,":[171],"44%)":[172],".01).":[175],"CONCLUSIONS:":[176],"Our":[177],"study":[178],"demonstrates":[179],"absolute":[182],"is":[188],"greater":[189],"AIH.":[197],"These":[198],"findings":[199],"helpful":[202],"evaluation":[205],"cryptogenic":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2022-09-01T00:00:00"}