{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293763403","doi":null,"title":"The International Levee Handbook","display_name":"The International Levee Handbook","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293763403"},"language":"fr","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02598878v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02598878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CIRIA, pp.1349, 2013, 978-0-86017-734-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sharp, M.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306490931","display_name":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharp, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["USACE USA (United States)","USACE USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109980503","display_name":"Michael J. Wallis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802260906","display_name":"HR Wallingford","ror":"https://ror.org/00nxna028","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wallis, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["HR WALLINGFORD GBR (United Kingdom)","HR WALLINGFORD GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HR WALLINGFORD GBR (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HR WALLINGFORD GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052730351","display_name":"F. Deniaud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deniaud, F.","raw_affiliation_strings":["CETMEF FRA (France)","CETMEF FRA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETMEF FRA (France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETMEF FRA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016370357","display_name":"R. Hersch-Burdick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306490931","display_name":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hersch-Burdick, R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["USACE USA (United States)","USACE USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002565985","display_name":"R\u00e9my Tourment","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-1075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-1075"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tourment, R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["UR OHAX - Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (3275 route C\u00e9zanne - Le Tholonet, F-13612 Aix-en-Provence - France)","Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UR OHAX - Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (3275 route C\u00e9zanne - Le Tholonet, F-13612 Aix-en-Provence - France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088281463","display_name":"E. Matheu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matheu, E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["DHS USA (United States)","DHS USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DHS USA (United States)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DHS USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081936319","display_name":"Yazmin Seda\u2010Sanabria","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306490931","display_name":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seda-Sanabria, Y.","raw_affiliation_strings":["USACE USA (United States)","USACE USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034543954","display_name":"S. Wersching","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126811","display_name":"CH2M (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035fz0s07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126811","https://openalex.org/I4210150894"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wersching, S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["CH2M HILL GBR (United Kingdom)","CH2M HILL GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CH2M HILL GBR (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CH2M HILL GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126811"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002573041","display_name":"Guillaume Veylon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9977-4572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9977-4572"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veylon, G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["UR OHAX - Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (3275 route C\u00e9zanne - Le Tholonet, F-13612 Aix-en-Provence - France)","Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UR OHAX - Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (3275 route C\u00e9zanne - Le Tholonet, F-13612 Aix-en-Provence - France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049132055","display_name":"E. Durand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durand, E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["CETE NORMANDIE CENTRE FRA (France)","CETE NORMANDIE CENTRE FRA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETE NORMANDIE CENTRE FRA (France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETE NORMANDIE CENTRE FRA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042427057","display_name":"Philip Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smith, P.","raw_affiliation_strings":["ROYAL HASKONINGDHV ZAF (South Africa)","ROYAL HASKONINGDHV ZAF"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROYAL HASKONINGDHV ZAF (South Africa)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROYAL HASKONINGDHV ZAF","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060899563","display_name":"Joe Forbis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8053-903X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8053-903X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306490931","display_name":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Forbis, J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["USACE USA (United States)","USACE USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086343723","display_name":"C. Spliethoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101472","display_name":"Grontmij (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkstx48","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101472"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spliethoff, C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["GRONTMIJ NEDERLAND BV NLD (Netherlands)","GRONTMIJ NEDERLAND BV NLD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GRONTMIJ NEDERLAND BV NLD (Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GRONTMIJ NEDERLAND BV NLD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088557787","display_name":"H. van Hemert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269409","display_name":"Foundation for Applied Water Research","ror":"https://ror.org/042sy2a40","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269409"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"van Hemert, H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["STOWA NLD (Netherlands)","STOWA NLD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STOWA NLD (Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269409"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STOWA NLD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018338229","display_name":"M. Igigabel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igigabel, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["CETMEF FRA (France)","CETMEF FRA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETMEF FRA (France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETMEF FRA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019894259","display_name":"R. Pohl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pohl, R.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032198070","display_name":"P. Royet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Royet, P.","raw_affiliation_strings":["UR OHAX - Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (3275 route C\u00e9zanne - Le Tholonet, F-13612 Aix-en-Provence - France)","Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UR OHAX - Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (3275 route C\u00e9zanne - Le Tholonet, F-13612 Aix-en-Provence - France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sharp, M.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306490931","display_name":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharp, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["USACE USA (United States)","USACE USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USACE USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113447971","display_name":"J. Simm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802260906","display_name":"HR Wallingford","ror":"https://ror.org/00nxna028","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simm, J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["HR WALLINGFORD GBR (United Kingdom)","HR WALLINGFORD GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HR WALLINGFORD GBR (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HR WALLINGFORD GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002565985","display_name":"R\u00e9my Tourment","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-1075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-1075"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tourment, R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["UR OHAX - Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (3275 route C\u00e9zanne - Le Tholonet, F-13612 Aix-en-Provence - France)","Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UR OHAX - Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie (3275 route C\u00e9zanne - Le Tholonet, F-13612 Aix-en-Provence - France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ouvrages hydrauliques et hydrologie","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109980503","display_name":"Michael J. Wallis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802260906","display_name":"HR Wallingford","ror":"https://ror.org/00nxna028","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wallis, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["HR WALLINGFORD GBR (United Kingdom)","HR WALLINGFORD GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HR WALLINGFORD GBR (United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HR WALLINGFORD GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802260906"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95910419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1349","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12293","display_name":"Dam Engineering and Safety","score":0.475600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12293","display_name":"Dam Engineering and Safety","score":0.475600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.37720000743865967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.08479999750852585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levees","display_name":"levees","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-control","display_name":"flood control","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levee-management","display_name":"levee management","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levee-design","display_name":"levee design","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dike-construction","display_name":"dike construction","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levee-maintenance","display_name":"levee maintenance","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levee-inspection","display_name":"levee inspection","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-risk","display_name":"flood risk","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coastal-flooding","display_name":"coastal flooding","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/river-floods","display_name":"river flooding","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levee-systems","display_name":"levee systems","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-risk-management","display_name":"flood risk management","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115038398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105190","display_name":"Levee","level":2,"score":0.7146264910697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.36063989996910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21557369828224182}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02598878v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02598878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CIRIA, pp.1349, 2013, 978-0-86017-734-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293052640","https://openalex.org/W170168682","https://openalex.org/W4297755813","https://openalex.org/W1729777144","https://openalex.org/W1923275585","https://openalex.org/W6990378797","https://openalex.org/W2517049939","https://openalex.org/W2513636204","https://openalex.org/W2298619378","https://openalex.org/W7011925984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chapter":[0],"1":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,7,19,37,41,52,65,73,127,167,294,340,361,372,412,422,440,447,489,526,543,595,618,623,648,685,699,758,779,787,793,822,835,856,947,949,953,962,966,977,980,1018,1038,1062,1076,1089,1123,1140,1143,1165,1178,1194,1201,1210,1214,1227,1232,1241,1262,1270,1287,1291,1294,1301,1320,1362,1368,1376,1381,1388,1394,1408,1413,1422,1431,1448,1473,1494,1501,1514],"handbook":[4,74,423,686,709,766,794,862,914,978,1045,1086,1126,1144,1179,1202,1289,1449,1476,1515,1530],"and":[5,9,26,134,171,182,189,214,226,244,249,296,301,351,425,436,446,452,485,502,522,542,568,597,622,645,668,675,692,704,714,724,727,754,763,776,809,853,867,904,925,942,986,1004,1011,1099,1106,1135,1229,1345,1387,1410,1466,1472],"presents":[6,1172,1258],"motivation":[8],"process":[10],"that":[11,44,68,72,159,201,320,334,387,801,933,957,1020,1093,1129,1147,1312,1332,1337,1343],"led":[12],"to":[13,29,60,90,104,177,241,368,399,421,429,460,510,529,531,574,601,633,639,646,650,688,695,733,846,884,920,937,960,1017,1034,1111,1186,1208,1253,1268,1276,1349,1436,1479,1498,1517,1520,1526,1534],"its":[14,24,972,1083],"development.":[15],"The":[16,32,656,681,708,765,790,841,861,913,1044,1085,1125,1203,1370,1475,1529],"chapter":[17,33,56,1161,1183,1305,1313,1325,1371,1389],"gives":[18],"reader":[20,1211,1271,1363],"an":[21,324,603,636,748,796,812,1259,1334],"overview":[22],"of":[23,54,64,67,100,129,136,143,169,197,234,246,298,323,364,393,409,414,450,488,491,507,540,545,606,626,671,684,706,738,760,774,782,792,799,821,878,923,965,982,1064,1078,1091,1122,1142,1167,1177,1200,1218,1226,1231,1244,1250,1261,1293,1303,1317,1323,1384,1399,1407,1412,1425,1447,1493,1496],"contents":[25,66,1230,1281,1298,1309,1329,1411],"explains":[27],"how":[28,1181],"use":[30,117],"it.":[31,1528],"flow":[34,1347],"chart":[35,1348],"shows":[36],"conceptual":[38,1196],"links":[39,1351],"between":[40,1240,1421],"technical":[42,111,598,806],"chapters":[43,1354],"follow":[45],"this":[46,679,1168,1283,1512],"introduction.":[47],"It":[48,70,383,729,1235,1416],"is":[49,58,75,176,687,710,730,1014,1115,1130,1145,1284,1307,1340,1373,1391,1434,1477],"repeated":[50],"at":[51,1290,1300,1500],"start":[53,1292,1302],"each":[55,1160,1182,1304,1318,1324,1359],"but":[57,743],"expanded":[59],"show":[61],"more":[62,514],"detail":[63],"chapter.":[69],"indicates":[71],"split":[76],"into":[77],"four":[78],"major":[79,1025],"parts:":[80],"-":[81,92,106,121,1216,1248,1279,1296,1315,1355,1397],"fundamentals":[82],"\u2013":[83,95,108,124,655],"setting":[84],"out":[85,1029],"what":[86,98,1339],"all":[87,119,281,921],"users":[88,120,1446],"need":[89,103],"appreciate":[91],"managing":[93,924,1097],"levees":[94,102,144,221,259,289,314,357,388,549,571,592,893,938,990,1049,1095,1149],"focusing":[96,125],"on":[97,126,371,1375,1393],"managers":[99],"existing":[101,983,1134,1148],"know":[105],"toolbox":[107],"providing":[109],"detailed":[110,1297,1328],"information":[112,1128,1185,1274,1519],"(data":[113],"equations":[114],"etc)":[115],"for":[116,391,500,740,755,838,851,992,1051,1117,1132,1286,1311,1331,1504],"by":[118,166,270,503,554,770,804,811,829,1030,1037,1096,1154,1193],"making":[122,742,1523],"changes":[123],"needs":[128,1278],"those":[130,359],"involved":[131,1039],"in":[132,293,378,411,433,457,463,537,563,570,578,589,631,635,664,678,698,718,751,757,939,1164,1212,1272,1342,1367],"design":[133,401,1010,1063],"construction":[135,248,300,1026],"new":[137,993,1009],"or":[138,155,230,239,380,478,881,888,929,968,994,1000,1082,1508],"improved":[139],"levees.":[140,707,1157],"1.1":[141,1222,1403],"Use":[142,1199],"Levees":[145,194],"are":[146,160,309,315,321,335,354,367,376,455,497,935,958,1071,1150,1162,1206],"raised,":[147],"predominantly":[148],"earth,":[149],"structures":[150,319,1070,1092],"(also":[151],"called":[152],"dikes,":[153],"digues":[154],"flood":[156,184,198,205,278,381,467,519,533,565,879,988,1055],"defence":[157,199,534,883],"embankments)":[158],"not":[161,253,310,474,731,1047,1060,1489],"reshaped":[162],"under":[163],"normal":[164],"conditions":[165],"action":[168],"waves":[170],"currents,":[172],"whose":[173],"primary":[174,876],"objective":[175,683],"provide":[178,689,1518,1535],"protection":[179,415,468,989],"against":[180],"fluvial":[181],"coastal":[183,882,985,1100],"events":[185,524],"along":[186],"coasts,":[187],"rivers":[188],"artificial":[190],"waterways":[191],"(Figure":[192],"1.1).":[193],"form":[195],"part":[196,322],"systems":[200,328,868],"may":[202,252,389],"also":[203,833,895,915,1015,1087,1236,1417,1532],"include":[204,1450],"walls,":[206],"pumping":[207],"stations,":[208],"gates":[209],"closure":[210],"structures,":[211,288],"natural":[212,284],"features,":[213],"other":[215,579,721,1053,1065,1112,1353],"associated":[216],"structures.":[217,264,1068,1119],"In":[218,493,587,608,945,1511],"many":[219,464,590],"instances":[220],"have":[222,266,470,473,550,593,874,896],"been":[223,268,471,475,551,768],"built":[224],"up":[225],"extended":[227],"over":[228,305,971],"decades":[229],"sometimes":[231],"centuries.":[232],"Few":[233],"these":[235],"were":[236],"originally":[237],"designed":[238,1137,1156,1207],"constructed":[240,269,1050],"modern":[242],"standards":[243,889],"records":[245],"their":[247,256,282,299,394,400,560,998,1002,1277,1364],"historical":[250],"performance":[251,866,886,911,963,996,1077],"exist.":[254],"Despite":[255],"apparent":[257],"simplicity,":[258],"can":[260,290,302,404,908],"be":[261,291,330,385,575,716,734,745],"surprisingly":[262],"complex":[263],"They":[265],"generally":[267,316],"placing":[271],"locally":[272],"won":[273],"fill":[274],"material":[275],"onto":[276],"alluvial":[277],"plains":[279],"(with":[280],"inherent":[283],"variability).":[285],"Unlike":[286],"engineered":[287],"irregular":[292],"standard":[295],"nature":[297],"deteriorate":[303],"markedly":[304],"time":[306],"if":[307,356],"they":[308,375,416,496,1074],"well":[311,370,1007],"maintained.":[312],"Furthermore,":[313],"long":[317],"linear":[318],"overall":[325],"system.":[326,1510],"Such":[327],"should":[329,384,715,744],"considered":[331,952],"as":[332,337,339,585,747,1006,1008,1103,1191],"chains":[333],"only":[336,1314],"strong":[338],"weakest":[341,362],"link.":[342],"Evidence-based":[343],"assessment,":[344],"good":[345,349,652,696],"design,":[346,701],"effective":[347],"adaptation,":[348],"inspection":[350],"routine":[352,1035],"maintenance":[353,703,1036],"vital":[355],"(particularly":[358],"representing":[360],"parts":[363],"levee":[365,872,928,930,967,969,1080,1189,1507,1509],"systems)":[366],"perform":[369],"occasions":[373],"when":[374],"loaded":[377,398],"storm":[379,523],"events.":[382,557],"noted":[386],"stand":[390],"much":[392],"lives":[395],"without":[396],"being":[397],"capacity.":[402],"This":[403],"create":[405],"a":[406,518,629,672,690,711,735,771,805,847,864,875,917,927,1079,1173,1188,1224,1238,1245,1308,1327,1346,1405,1419,1426,1481,1486,1505],"false":[407],"sense":[408],"security":[410],"level":[413,605,1175],"will":[417,873,890,894,1531],"provide.":[418],"1.2":[419,1171,1257],"Background":[420],"Coastal":[424],"riverine":[426,1098],"flooding":[427],"continues":[428],"produce":[430,651],"devastating":[431],"consequences,":[432],"both":[434,940,1133],"life":[435,541,974],"economic":[437,443],"losses,":[438],"around":[439,525],"world.":[441],"With":[442],"growth,":[444],"urbanisation":[445],"ensuing":[448],"concentration":[449],"population":[451],"property,":[453],"people":[454],"moving":[456],"increasing":[458],"numbers":[459],"flood-prone":[461],"areas":[462],"countries.":[465,789,824],"Where":[466,1108],"defences":[469],"improved,":[472],"fully":[476],"tested,":[477],"experience":[479],"infrequent":[480],"flooding,":[481],"residents":[482],"become":[483],"complacent":[484],"less":[486],"aware":[487],"threat":[490],"floods.":[492],"such":[494,584,932,1102,1118,1146],"cases,":[495],"hardly":[498],"prepared":[499,834],"floods":[501],"no":[504],"means":[505],"assured":[506],"proper":[508],"actions":[509],"take,":[511],"consequently":[512],"suffering":[513],"serious":[515],"damage":[516],"once":[517],"occurs.":[520],"Flood":[521],"world":[527],"continue":[528],"lead":[530],"critical":[532,561,580],"failures":[535],"resulting":[536,836],"tragic":[538],"losses":[539],"devastation":[544],"large":[546],"areas.":[547],"Also,":[548,1057],"severely":[552],"tested":[553],"exceptional":[555],"rainfall":[556],"However,":[558],"despite":[559],"importance":[562,1090],"mitigating":[564],"risk,":[566,865],"interest":[567],"investment":[569],"has":[572,767],"tended":[573],"lower":[576],"than":[577,1054,1525],"water":[581,1066],"retaining":[582,1067],"infrastructure":[583],"dams.":[586],"particular,":[588],"countries,":[591],"lacked":[594],"legal":[596],"framework":[599],"necessary":[600],"promote":[602],"appropriate":[604],"performance.":[607],"September":[609],"2008,":[610],"organisations":[611],"from":[612,641,778,786,817,1024,1264,1438],"six":[613],"countries":[614],"(France,":[615],"Germany,":[616],"Ireland,":[617],"Netherlands,":[619],"United":[620,624],"Kingdom,":[621],"States":[625],"America)":[627],"expressed":[628],"desire":[630,662],"principle":[632],"participate":[634],"international":[637,666,725,761,849],"project":[638,1247,1428],"learn":[640],"one":[642],"another\u2019s":[643],"experiences":[644],"share":[647],"effort":[649],"practice":[653,697,739],"guidance":[654,1114],"International":[657],"Levee":[658],"Handbook":[659,1124],"(ILH).":[660],"That":[661],"resulted":[663],"several":[665],"meetings":[667],"workshops,":[669],"development":[670,791,857],"scoping":[673],"report":[674],"ultimately":[676],"culminating":[677],"handbook.":[680,1234,1369,1415],"principal":[682],"comprehensive":[691],"definitive":[693],"guide":[694],"evaluation,":[700],"implementation,":[702],"management":[705,880,955,1021,1113],"non-prescriptive":[712],"reference":[713,756,1110],"used":[717],"conjunction":[719],"with":[720,1352,1485],"relevant":[722,783,1275],"national":[723,818],"codes":[726,762],"manuals.":[728,764],"intended":[732],"prescriptive":[736],"code":[737],"decision":[741,752,1522],"regarded":[746],"important":[749],"document":[750,837,842],"support":[753,826,1521],"application":[759,1497],"written":[769,1478],"core":[772],"team":[773],"experts":[775],"practitioners":[777],"full":[780],"range":[781,1023],"disciplines":[784],"drawn":[785,816],"partner":[788,823],"followed":[795,1153],"agreed":[797],"set":[798],"processes":[800],"was":[802,827,843],"managed":[803],"editorial":[807],"team,":[808],"supported":[810],"executive":[813],"steering":[814],"board":[815],"backing":[819],"groups":[820],"Management":[825],"provided":[828],"CIRIA":[830],"(UK)":[831],"who":[832],"final":[839],"publication.":[840],"made":[844],"available":[845,1435],"broader":[848],"audience":[850],"review":[852],"comment":[854],"during":[855],"process.":[858],"1.3":[859],"Scope":[860],"takes":[863],"based":[869],"approach.":[870],"Any":[871],"function":[877],"which":[885,907],"objectives":[887],"apply.":[891],"All":[892],"various":[897,954],"secondary":[898],"functions,":[899],"e.g.":[900],"environmental,":[901],"amenity,":[902],"health":[903],"safety,":[905],"access,":[906],"impose":[909],"significant":[910],"requirements.":[912],"follows":[916],"tiered":[918],"approach":[919,1503],"aspects":[922],"maintaining":[926],"system":[931,970,1190],"concepts":[934],"applicable":[936],"urban":[941],"rural":[943],"settings.":[944],"drafting":[946],"handbook,":[948],"author":[950],"teams":[951],"interventions":[956,1022],"needed":[959],"achieve":[961],"requirements":[964],"whole":[973],"cycle.":[975],"So":[976],"addresses":[979],"assessment":[981],"riverine,":[984],"estuarine":[987],"(possibly":[991],"changed":[995],"requirements),":[997],"adaptation":[999],"replacement,":[1001],"operation":[1003],"maintenance,":[1005],"removal.":[1012],"Consideration":[1013],"given":[1016,1116,1285,1392],"fact":[1019],"projects":[1027],"carried":[1028],"external":[1031],"constructors":[1032],"through":[1033],"authorities\u2019":[1040],"own":[1041],"work":[1042],"force.":[1043],"does":[1046,1059],"address":[1048],"purposes":[1052],"protection.":[1056],"it":[1058],"cover":[1061],"Associated":[1069],"addressed":[1072],"because":[1073],"influence":[1075],"structure":[1081,1141,1228,1316,1409,1453],"operation.":[1084],"recognises":[1088],"stabilise":[1094],"morphology":[1101],"beaches,":[1104],"dunes":[1105],"groynes.":[1107],"necessary,":[1109],"1.4":[1120],"Structure":[1121],"contains":[1127],"useful":[1131],"newly":[1136,1155],"levees,":[1138],"however":[1139],"treated":[1151],"first":[1152],"Details":[1158],"about":[1159],"presented":[1163,1192],"rest":[1166],"section.":[1169],"Figure":[1170],"high":[1174],"view":[1176],"showing":[1180],"contributes":[1184],"understanding":[1187],"source-pathway-receptor":[1195],"model.":[1197],"1.4.1":[1198],"following":[1204],"features":[1205],"assist":[1209,1269,1480],"navigating":[1213],"handbook:":[1215],"diagram":[1217,1249,1398],"general":[1219,1400],"structure:":[1220,1401],"Table":[1221,1256,1402],"provides":[1223,1404],"layout":[1225,1406],"complete":[1233,1288,1414,1432],"suggests":[1237,1418],"relationship":[1239,1420],"main":[1242,1423],"phases":[1243,1424],"typical":[1246,1427],"content":[1251,1263],"relevance":[1252],"different":[1254,1265],"users:":[1255],"evaluation":[1260],"users\u2019":[1266],"perspectives":[1267],"finding":[1273],"high-level":[1280],"list:":[1282,1299],"book":[1295],"there":[1306],"list":[1310,1330],"chapter:":[1319],"front":[1321],"end":[1322],"includes":[1326],"chapter,":[1333,1344],"introductory":[1335],"box":[1336],"describes":[1338],"included":[1341],"demonstrate":[1350],"where":[1356],"am":[1357],"I?":[1358],"page":[1360,1395],"tells":[1361],"current":[1365],"location":[1366],"number":[1372],"shown":[1374],"navigation":[1377],"bar":[1378],"running":[1379],"down":[1380],"outer":[1382],"edge":[1383],"right-hand":[1385],"pages,":[1386],"title":[1390],"header":[1396],"electronic":[1429],"version:":[1430],"manual":[1433],"download":[1437],"CIRIA\u2019s":[1439],"website:":[1440],"www.ciria.org":[1441],"1.5":[1442],"Target":[1443],"readership":[1444],"Potential":[1445],"planners,":[1451],"developers,":[1452],"owners,":[1454],"asset":[1455],"managers,":[1456],"regulatory":[1457],"bodies":[1458],"engineers,":[1459],"risk":[1460],"analysts,":[1461],"designers,":[1462],"constructors,":[1463],"emergency":[1464],"planners":[1465],"responders,":[1467],"environmental":[1468],"organisations,":[1469],"educational":[1470],"institutions":[1471],"public.":[1474],"technically":[1482],"competent":[1483],"practitioner":[1484],"broad":[1487],"(but":[1488],"necessarily":[1490],"expert)":[1491],"knowledge":[1492],"field":[1495],"arrive":[1499],"best":[1502],"particular":[1506],"regard":[1513],"aims":[1516],"rather":[1524],"direct":[1527],"seek":[1533]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-08-31T00:00:00"}
